Patriarchate of Aquileia (Episcopal)
The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an ecclesiastical state and an archdiocese of the Catholic Church, which was mainly in the area of present-day Italian region of Friuli.
History
Christianity came relatively early to Aquileia. According to legend, the Evangelist Mark is said to have announced the new faith on behalf of Peter here. This is important because always appointed Patriarch seats to Apostle ups. Mark it should have been, used as the first bishop Hermagoras. Hermagoras in turn is said to have suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Nero. The first actual occupied Bishop of Aquileia is Hilary of Aquileia, who died in the year 285 as a martyr.
From Aquileia was the evangelization of Noricum, which belonged to the majority of present-day Austria. At the Synod of Serdica in 343 demonstrably took the bishops of Aguntum ( near Lienz ), Lauriacum ( Lorch ), Teurnia ( near Spittal an der Drau ) and Virunum ( near Klagenfurt ), probably all suffragan of Aquileia, in part. On September 3, 381 to 32 bishops of the Roman Empire came under the direction of Valerian of Aquileia to a synod. In the turmoil of the Migration Aquileia Metropolitan rights received over the bishops of Venetia, Istria, western Illyria, both Noricum and the Rhaetia secunda. In the course of the so-called Three Chapters controversy 567 the bishops of Aquileia, took the title of patriarch and separated from Rome.
When the Lombards 568 came to Friuli Patriarch Paulinus fled to Grado. 606 or 607 sought Candidianus patriarch, who resided in Grado, again the communion with Rome. His remaining in Aquileia cathedral chapter did not join in this project and chose John as patriarch. Since then, there have been two patriarchates, one in Grado ( Aquileia nova ), which was responsible for the lagoon and moved to Venice in 1445, and one in (old) Aquileia. In fact, the Patriarch of Aquileia resided only very rarely there. First, they resided in Cormons. 737 moved Patriarch Callisto to Cividale del Friuli and from 1238 to 1751 was then Udine residence. 698/99 recognized the Patriarch of Aquileia Einnaturenlehre Rome, which was also represented in Grado, at. Nevertheless, both Patriarchates were co-exist.
Due to the migration of peoples and the mission areas in the Alps were lost. With Salzburg it came through the re-Christianization Karantanija at the turn of the 8th to the 9th century to the conflict, as Aquileia was pounding on his earlier rights. Charlemagne decided 811 this argument by certain Drava as the boundary of the two archdioceses. Until the dissolution of the Patriarchate in 1751, this stock had.
1077 received Patriarch victory Hard Count rights in Friuli; the patriarchs were imperial princes and rulers. The patriarch State was not as extensive as the archdiocese. He handed in about the Tagliamento in today's Italian - Slovenian border region and from the Adriatic to the Alps.
1156 moved the Patriarch of Grado to Venice, then in 1451 ended the Patriarchate of Grado. The Bishop of Venice was Patriarch instead. 1420 conquered Venice Friuli, a trial of Venice before the Council of Basel was unsuccessful. Thus ended the independence of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. It was stripped in the 15th century his worldly sovereignty and to a benefice Venetian families. The ecclesiastical authority of the Patriarch of Aquileia handed as some of the corresponding bishoprics were on Austrian territory, into Austria, which in 1544 also made Aquileia to his subjects cities. The Austrian rulers forced the patriarch to relocate its headquarters to Venetian Udine, but could not prevent him to make visitations in the Austrian dioceses and in the Austrian Gorizia hold synods. 1575 Austria sat through an archdeacon for Gorizia and Emperor Ferdinand II in 1628 forbade the recognition of the Patriarch. The Roman Curia followed after half-heartedly, by equipping them the archdeacon of Gorizia largely autonomous. But the Patriarch of Aquileia was nevertheless still there, at least in Udine. After heavy pressure from the Emperor Charles VI. and his daughter Maria Theresa lifted Pope Benedict XIV on the mediation of Savoy with the Bull Incuncta nobis on June 6, 1751 names, pin, seat and authority of the Patriarch of Aquileia. Austria got Gorizia completely under his control, the Venetian part of the Patriarchate became the Archdiocese of Udine. So there was the only the Patriarchate of Venice. The last Patriarch of Aquileia, Daniele Dolfin Cardinal ( a Venetian Nobile ) was downgraded to the Archbishop of Udine, but was allowed to use the title Patriarch until the end of his life.