Pedaliaceae

Pedalium murex

Sesame plants ( Pedaliaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Lippenblütlerartigen ( Lamiales ). The most familiar type is particularly due to the cooking oil, sesame ( Sesamum indicum ).

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description and ecology

Vegetative characteristics

There are mostly annual or perennial herbaceous plants, or rarely deciduous woody plants: trees or shrubs. Some species are xerophytes, sometimes with swollen trunks. Trapella are aquatic plants.

The opposite or at the top of alternate arranged leaves are simple and often dense with glandular hairs ( trichome ) covered. The leaf margins are smooth, lobed or toothed. The stomata are anomocytisch. Stipules are not available.

Generative features

The flowers are usually solitary in the leaf axils, rarely in zymösen inflorescences together. The flower stalk often has extra-floral nectaries ( converted flowers).

The hermaphrodite, strongly zygomorphic flowers are rarely four, usually fünfzählig double perianth ( perianth ). The rarely four, usually five sepals are fused. The five petals are fused into a non- double lip tube. A meaty discussion is available. It's just a circle with five stamens, one of which usually four, rarely two ( Trapella ), are fertile and at least one is reduced to a Staminodium. The significantly unequal stamens are adherent to the corolla tube. The two-celled pollen grains have three rare, usually five to fifteen apertures and are COLPAT. Two carpels are fused to a mostly upper permanent, rarely inferior ovary, which is often divided by false septa into four chambers. In central angle constant placentation a ( Josephinia ) are to many anatrope, unitegmische, tenuinucellate ovules per ovary chamber. The thin style ends in a bilobed scar. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

The fruits usually have wings, hooks or horns and capsule fruits or nuts. Each fruit tray contains one to many seeds. The embryo is straight. The spread of diasporas is done by Anemochorie or often Epichorie.

Systematics and distribution

The Pedaliaceae family was erected in 1810 by Robert Brown in Prodromus Novae Florae Hollandiae, 519. Type genus is Pedalium D.Royen ex L. Synonyms for Pedaliaceae R.Br. are: Sesamaceae Horan, Trapellaceae Honda & Sakis. .

The types of sesame plants have a mainly tropical distribution along the coast and in dry ( arid ) locations. The family is found only in the Old World. Reports from some Rogeria species in Brazil seem to be wrong. There are species from the subtropics to the tropics in Africa, Madagascar, in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Malaysia and Australia.

In the family of sesame plants ( Pedaliaceae ) there are about 14 genera with about 62 to 85 species:

  • Ceratotheca Endl. (including Sporledera Bernh. ): The five species are distributed from tropical to southern Africa.
  • Dicerocaryum Boii (including Pretrea J.Gay ): The approximately three species are widespread in the southern tropical Africa.
  • Harpagophytum DC. ex Meisn. (including Uncaria Burch. ): The approximately two species are widespread in southern Africa and Madagascar: Devil's Claw ( Harpagophytum procumbens ( Burch. ) DC. Meisn ex. )
  • Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne.
  • Holubia saccata Olive. It is widespread in southern Africa.
  • Pedaliodiscus macrocarpus Ihlenf. It occurs in Kenya and Tanzania.
  • Pedalium murex L.: It comes in western Pakistan ( Sindh ), India ( Kathiawar, Gujrat, Delhi, Bombay ), Sri Lanka and in tropical Africa before.
  • Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)
  • Uncarina abbreviata ( Baill. ) Ihlenf. & Straka
  • Uncarina ankaranensis Ihlenf.
  • Uncarina decaryi Humbert ex Ihlenf.
  • Uncarina dimidiata ( Baill. ) Ihlenf. & Straka
  • Uncarina grandidieri ( Baill. ) Stapf image of the seed
  • Uncarina leandrii Humbert
  • Uncarina leptocarpa ( Decne. ) Ihlenf. & Straka
  • Uncarina peltata ( Baker) Stapf
  • Uncarina perrieri Humbert
  • Uncarina platycarpa Lavranos
  • Uncarina roeoesliana roughness
  • Uncarina Sakalava Humbert
  • Uncarina stellulifera Humbert
  • Uncarina turicana Lavranos

The previously classified in this genus Craniolaria L., Holoregmia Nees, Ibicella Van Donkey. , Martynia L. and Proboscidea Schmidel now belong to the family of Martyniaceae.

Swell

  • The Pedaliaceae in APWebsite family. (Sections systematics and description)
  • The Pedaliaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
  • Zhi- Yun Zhang & Heidrun EK Hartmann: Pedaliaceae, pp. 226 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 18: Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 1998, ISBN 0-915279-55- X. (Sections describe and disseminate )
Asterids Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Seed dispersal#Wind Angola Gujrat city Mumbai Agricultural Research Service Werner Rauh
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