Philip I, Duke of Pomerania
Philip I (* July 14, 1515 in Stettin, † February 14, 1560 in Wolgast ) was Duke of Pomerania - Wolgast.
Life
Born as the only surviving son of Duke George, from his first marriage with Amalie of the Palatinate († January 6, 1525 ), he received after the death of his mother his further education at the court in Heidelberg when maternal grandfather. After the death of his father he took 16 -year-old into office in Szczecin. With his uncle, Duke Barnim IX. , He said on October 21, 1532, the Duchy of Pomerania and Pomerania - Wolgast he received ( Western Pomerania). The division was initially limited only to nine years and was only confirmed in 1541 on a permanent basis. As councils him Jobst von Dewitz, Rüdiger von Massow and the Chancellor Nicholas Brun served, among other things. Even the chronicler Thomas Kantzow stood as secretary in his service.
It was initially to regulate the relationship with the unloved stepmother, Margaret of Brandenburg. In 1533 he had to her because of the marriage contract of 1530 assured and by the division of 1532 but changing jointure ( jointure ), consisting of the offices Barth, Tribsees, Pomerania and Klempenow, transfer. But a year later, she married her second husband Prince Johann IV von Anhalt.
In his government takeover he found also in the political and ecclesiastical sphere confusion. The Reformation was advanced in his territory and he wanted to get his power, he could not ignore her on. Therefore, decided the two dukes, also officially introduce the Reformation. They referred to on December 13, 1534 a parliament in Treptow an der Rega and invited the Bishop of Pomerania Erasmus von Manteuffel, the pen stands, the nobility, the cities, the evangelical Christian representatives of the cities Ketelhut ( Stralsund ), Paul from Rode ( Stettin), John Knipstro ( Greifswald ), Hermann Riecke ( Stargard ), Jacob Hogensee ( Stolp ) and Luther's colleagues Johannes Bugenhagen, a native of Pomerania, a. However, the parliament failed due to the opposition of the nobility, but you still Bugenhagen commissioned to design a church order for the Duchy of Pomerania. However, this was not officially entered into force. Bugenhagen still led by 1535 visitations by Saxon model. Thus, the Reformation was gradually prevail in Pomerania by renowned Protestant representatives like Paul Rode and John Knipstro. After the bishop had died of Pomerania, the road was completely open to the Reformation. After the rejection of Johannes Bugenhagen, Bartholomaeus Suawe occupied the office of bishop.
Together with Barnim Philipp occurred in April 1536 in Frankfurt am Main in the Smalcald League, having previously married the half-sister of the Saxon elector. However, after the defeat of the Protestants in 1547 fearing persecution by Philip Charles V. Enraged the emperor could appease by payment of a fine. The changed situation, the work of Suawe became increasingly difficult so that he abdicated in 1549, and now first came a Catholic bishop in his place, who wanted to restore the old conditions and the state church wanted to make the Roman chair. However, he did not came about and to secure the national church sat Philipp his eldest son Johann Friedrich on the bishop's throne, let revise written by Bugenhagen church order and was anxious that raged in his country to settle theological disputes.
After Philip had set up its own High Court in Wolgast, he devoted himself to the administration of justice and personally took part in court hearings. He also promoted in his part of the country the transport and trade. In 1540 he was able to settle the simmering since 1534 dispute with the nobility and receive the homage of the estates general. In his later years of the reign Jacob von Zitzewitz, Valentine of Eickstedt and Ulrich von Schwerin were his most important councilors who remained active even after his death for his sons. However, special trust enjoyed his Kammerrat Michael Küssow, the beginning of the year 1558 and died his brother Christian Küssow succeeded in office.
From 1540 to 1546 he had converted the ducal castle to castle on the Uecker Ueckermuende. He is depicted on a relief stone. The ducal residence, which is on an island in the river Peene Wolgaster castle, he had rebuilt in several stages, with a broken out on December 11, 1557 Great fire destroyed major parts of the plant, whose reconstruction Philipp yet initiated, the completion but did not live.
Epitaph
His epitaph in St. Peter's Church in Wolgast consists of a brass casting of Wolff Hillger from Freiberg. The retabelartig designed inscription plaque with the seven Pomeranian coat of arms is decorated with a Renaissance ornament from plants and figurative grotesque.
Genealogy
Closed on February 27, 1536 From his marriage with Maria of Saxony ( † January 7, 1583 ), the daughter of John the Steadfast of Saxony, had seven sons and three daughters out:
- George ( * 1540, † 1544)
- Johann Friedrich ( * 1542, † 1600) ∞ Erdmuthe of Brandenburg, daughter of Elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg
- Bogislaw XIII. (* 1544, † 1606 ) ∞ Clare, daughter of Duke Francis of Brunswick- Lüneburg
- Ernst Ludwig ( * 1545, † 1592) ∞ Sophia Hedwig (* 1561, † 1631), daughter of Duke Julius of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel
- Amelia ( * 1547, † 1580)
- Barnim X. (XII ) (* 1549, † 1603) ∞ Anna Maria, daughter of Elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg
- Erich ( * 1551, † 1551 )
- Margaretha (* 1553, † 1581) ∞ Duke Francis II of Saxe -Lauenburg
- Anna (* 1554, † 1626 ) ∞ Duke Ulrich of Mecklenburg- Güstrow
- Casimir VI. (IX). (* 1557, † 1605 )