Phrymaceae

Mimulus aurantiacus

The jugglers flower plants ( Phrymaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Lippenblütlerartigen ( Lamiales ). Few species are used as ornamental plants.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Habitus and sheets

In most species are annual to perennial herbaceous plants. Only a few species are sub-shrubs that have a woody base. Many species form rhizomes as outlasting. The Australian Glossostigma species are barely larger than duckweed ( Lemna ). The aboveground plant parts can be hairy or hairless glandular. The leaves are opposite.

Inflorescence, flowers and fruit

The flowers are lateral or terminal, singly or in racemose inflorescences.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are usually fünfzählig. The calyx tube is green. The petals are fused Roehrig to bell-shaped, the corolla tube ends in two Kronlippen. There are usually four (rarely two) stamens present. Usually two carpels are fused into a superior ovaries; the scar is bilobed.

Are formed capsule fruits that contain tiny seeds.

Systematics and distribution

The Phrymaceae family was erected in 1847 by Johannes Conrad Schauer in the begun by Augustin- de Candolle Pyrame work Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol 11, p 520. The type genus is Phryma Phryma L. L., she used to be the only genus of the family Phrymaceae.

The genera that are now classified in this family, formerly of the family figwort family ( Scrophulariaceae ) were calculated. The Phrymaceae family is represented more or less worldwide. The family has two centers of diversity in the temperate climate area and the western part of North America and in Australia. Only a few species there are in the humid tropics. Some species are also found in eastern North America, South America, East and South Asia or in South Africa. In Central Europe, two Mimulus species are naturalized ( neophytes ).

The Phrymaceae family contains 16 ( to 19) genera with about 234 species:

  • Bryodes Benth. , The one to three species occur on the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar.
  • Bythophyton Hook. f: it contains only one type: Bythophyton indicum ( Hook. f & Thomson) Hook. f: This submerged aquatic plant is used in Indomalaiischen region.
  • Dintera pterocaulis Stapf: It is widespread in tropical Africa.
  • Dodartia orientalis L.: It is distributed in southern Russia, Kazakhstan and Southwest Asia to central Asia.
  • Encopella tenuifolia ( Griseb. ) Pennell: It occurs only in Cuba.
  • Leucocarpus perfoliatus ( Kunth ) Benth. It is distributed in the Neotropics.
  • Microcarpaea minima ( KDKoenig ex Retz. ) Merr. Thrives in marshy locations and is in eastern Asia and spread to the Pacific Islands.
  • Phryma leptostachya L.: It is very widespread in North America, Eastern Siberia, Japan, Korea, China, Nepal, India and western Pakistan.
  • Psammetes madagascariensis ( Bonati ) Eb. Fish. & Hepper: It occurs in Madagascar and Nigeria.

Swell

  • The Phrymaceae in APWebsite family. (Sections systematics and description)
  • PM Beardsley & Olmstead RG: Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma, In: . American Journal of Botany, Volume 89, 2002, pp. 1093-1102: full-text online.
Asterids Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Augustin Pyramus de Candolle New Zealand Middle America (region) Bhutan Mazus Agricultural Research Service
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