Pisolithus tinctorius
Common peas litter Ling ( Pisolithus arhizus ) right the headboard in longitudinal section
The common pea Ling Trust or the Bohemian truffle ( Pisolithus arhizus, syn. P. tinctorius and P. arenarius, for the style name can be found in the literature the notation arhizos ) is a species of fungus in the family Hartbovistverwandten. Despite the belly fungal fruiting bodies of the fungus belongs to the order Dickröhrlingsartigen ( Boletales ). The species is the only European representative of the genus peas good Linge ( Pisolithus ).
The species is specialized in acidic, nutrient-poor soil and is considered typical heap mushroom consequence landscape of lignite mining. You fruktifiziert from late summer to autumn, mainly in sparsely vegetated areas. The fungus is sometimes used as a spice mushroom in the kitchen, comes in forestry as Mykorrhizapartner of trees used and is used for dyeing wool.
- 3.1 Inventory and hazard
- 4.1 forestry
- 4.2 dye
- 4.3 edibility
- 5.1 Kartoffelboviste
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The peas litter Ling is irregular club-like, above-ground fruiting bodies with rounded - bulbous head and a short or long note stem, which can be about 5-15 cm high and 5-9 cm wide. The peridium is about 1 mm thick, it is at first whitish and discolored later yellowish to dirty brown. With maturation of the fruit body it breaks down irregularly. The Gleba fills only the upper part of the fruit body. It is separated by sterile veins that later pea- like ( hence the name ), 5 × 2 mm corpuscles, so-called apparent or Pseudoperidiolen form. This results in cut-through fruiting bodies of the characteristic marbled pattern of Gleba. The Pseudoperidiolen are initially whitish, are reddish-brown, last black as they ripen and fall apart powdery. The 1-8 cm long Slip shaft is usually sunk in the ground. He is firm and solid, and has at the base yellow, crested like Myzelstränge.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish spores are similar to Kartoffelbovisten ( Scleroderma ), are relatively thick, curved spines and measure on average 7-9 micron (dimensions without spines ).
Ecology and phenology
The common pea litter Ling is a heat- loving mycorrhizal fungus with a wide range of symbiotic partners. In Central Europe, it is most commonly hanging birch and pine forest on acidic, nutrient-poor pioneer sites, along with other birch and pine species, poplar, oak and buckthorn are contemplated. The fungus grows on slopes with emerging pine and birch, in clearings in pine forests and pioneer lawn with shrubs and similar emerging locations. In contrast, the fungus in natural and undisturbed forests is extremely rare. He is regarded as a typical heap mushroom consequence landscape of lignite mining. The fruiting bodies are mainly found in low vegetation, or nearly vegetation-free sites.
In Central Europe is also the terrible pea litter Ling from July to September.
Dissemination
The borders of the distribution area are difficult to specify, as in the previously considered as a monotypic genus recently, the shapes of the tropics and the southern hemisphere are separated as a distinct species. The populations of Holarctic apparently all belong to the type Pisolithus arhizus that occurs so in Europe, Middle East, East Asia, the Canary Islands and in North America. Populations in South Asia, Central and South Africa, New Zealand and Australia are likely to closely related species.
In Europe, the Common Pea Trust Ling from the Mediterranean region occurs up to the northern border of the temperate zone; within this belt, he has a distinctly continental spread tendency. In Germany, the Common Pea Trust Ling centers of distribution in Bavaria north of the Danube, in Saxony, in southern Saxony -Anhalt and especially in southern Brandenburg. In the remaining regions, the sites are far apart and the style is very rare.
Inventory and risk
While the congregation peas litter Ling at natural sites declined sharply and threatened with extinction, he is not at risk and understood even in the propagation in the post-mining landscapes. Negative impact on its populations, the input of nitrogen.
Importance
Forestry
The common pea litter Ling, due to its ability to colonize nutrient- poor and acidic sites, a great ecological importance in reforestation and afforestation of waste heaps and similar locations. It is also used in nurseries producing a mycorrhiza, its spores are traded for this purpose.
Dye
Use place the peas litter Ling also for dyeing wool, after which the synonymous scientific species name " tinctorius " ( Dyer's ) and the English name " Dyemaker 's Puffball " (dye manufacturer Puffball ) allude.
Feed value
Although the congregation peas litter Ling is not regarded as edible mushroom, it is estimated as a spice mushroom sauces in the kitchen of some mushroom collectors because of its strong flavor.
Artabgrenzung
Kartoffelboviste
Externally, the fruiting bodies of the terrible pea litter Lings can be confused with the most toxic Kartoffelbovisten ( Scleroderma ). However, a longitudinal section reveals the species-typical, which is divided into pea-sized, rounded chambers Gleba. Kartoffelboviste have, however, a uniformly colored, now gray - blackish and only laced with a fine, bright veins Gleba.