Protea

King Protea ( Protea Cynaroides )

The plant genus Protea ( Protea ), and silver trees, Kaprosen or plumes called, belongs to the family of the silver tree family ( Proteaceae ). To her are about 115 species. They come from southern Africa. In Genadendal / South Africa on Jonaskop ( Jonas head), at an altitude of 1648 meters, you will find the world's largest number of naturally occurring Protea species. Many of them belong to the Cape flora. The King Protea ( Protea cynaroides ) is the emblem flower of South Africa.

• 7.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Protea species grow as an evergreen, creeping to erect shrubs and small trees, mostly reach the heights of growth from 1 to 10 meters. The alternate distributed on the branches or on the upper end of the branches close together standing leaves are petiolate or sessile. The leaf tops and bottoms are hardly different. The simple, very leathery, bald to woolly hairy leaf blades are oblong to almost circular. The leaf margin is always smooth.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

In characteristic cone-shaped inflorescences with diameters ranging from 3 to 15 cm, many flowers are tight. The flowers are arranged in a spiral of, in several rows overlapping bracts enveloping the outermost are relatively small and gradually get bigger the further inward until they are almost the same length or longer than the flowers. The hard, smooth or woolly hairy bracts are sometimes striking, bright colored. About a cover sheet is always only one flower, not two as in the genera Banksia, Brabejum, Grevillea and Hakea. The inflorescence bottom is flat to conical.

The flowers are always hermaphrodite. Three of the four hairy bloom cladding are grown and one is free. It's just a circle with four stamens present. The 18 to 33 × 10 to 17 micron sized pollen grains are usually triporate with slit-shaped aperture. Long, stiff, brown hair covering the ovary, which contains only one ovule and passes directly into the smooth or rarely hairy stylus.

The inverted - cone-shaped, woody indehiscent fruit has long, straight, brown, durable hair and contains only one seed.

Ecology

Many species form a Lignotuber. This is a thickening of the stem just below ground or above the ground, from which sprout the plants after a bushfire again. Particularly striking, this property is at Protea roupelliae that grows after germination the first year barely in the air, but not in width. The low height growth is caused by strongly compressed internodes.

Use

Most species are not hardy, they do not generally count as simply arable. The Central Europeans are the inflorescences of Protea and some other taxa of the silver tree plants ( Proteaceae ) mainly as dried flowers for arrangements known, but also as a long lasting cut flowers that are flown in winter.

Dissemination

Of the approximately 115-130 Protea species about four-fifths in South Africa and about one-fifth in tropical Africa occur.

System

The genus name Protea was published in 1771 by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum Altera, pp. 187, 328 a second time with the type species Protea Cynaroides (L.) L.. Previously had 1753 Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 94 had p the generic names published before, but with a style that belongs to the genus Leucadendron, and Peter Jonas Bergius presented in his 1767 revision of the group as a synonym for Protea Leucadendron. Protea L. 1771 nom. cons. is according to the ICBN rules ( Vienna ICBN Art 14:10 & App. III) conserved compared to the previously published homonym ( Vienna ICBN Article 53 ) Protea L. 1753 nom. rej. and thus preserved against Lepidocarpus Adans nom. rej .. Other synonyms for Protea L. 1771 are: Erodendrum Salisb, Pleuranthe Salisb. . ex Knight.

The genus Protea belongs to the subtribe Proteainae from the tribe Proteae in the subfamily of Proteo ideae within the family Proteaceae.

• Protea amplexicaulis R.Br.
• Protea cordata Thunb.

• Protea decurrens E.Phillips
• Protea humiflora Andrews

• Protea subulifolia Rourke

• Protea caffra Meisn. Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. caffra
• Protea caffra subsp. nyasae ( Rendle ) Chisumpa & Brummitt
• Protea caffra subsp. gazensis ( Beard ) Chisumpa & Brummitt

• Protea inopina Rourke
• Protea nitida Mill
• Protea nubigena Rourke
• Protea parvula Beard

• Protea petiolaris ( Hiern ) Baker & C.H.White Protea petiolaris ( Hiern ) Baker & CHWhite subsp. petiolaris
• Protea petiolaris subsp. elegans Chisumpa & Brummitt

• Protea enervis Wild

• Protea angolensis Welw. Protea angolensis Welw. var angolensis
• Protea angolensis var divaricata

• Protea curvata N.E.Brown
• Protea laetans L.E.Davidson
• Protea madiensis Oliv.

• Protea rubropilosa Beard
• Protea rupestris R.E.Fr.

• Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmelin

• Protea welwitschii Engl

• Protea asymmetrica

• Protea wentz eliana

• King Protea ( Protea Cynaroides (L.) L.)

• Protea cryophila
• Protea pruinosa

• Protea scabriuscula
• Protea scolopendriifolia

• Protea burchellii
• Protea compacta
• Protea eximia ( Knight) FOURC.

• Protea longifolia
• Protea obtusifolia H.Buek ex Meisn.
• Protea Pudens

• Protea roupelliae Meisn.
• Protea susannae Phillips

• Protea aristata

• Protea lanceolata E.Mey. ex Meisn.

• Real Protea ( Protea repens (L.) L.)

• Protea coronata Lam.
• Protea grandiceps Tratt.
• Protea holosericea
• Protea laurifolia Thunb.

• Protea lepidocarpodendron (L.) L.
• Protea lorifolia ( Salisb. ex J.Knight ) FOURC.
• Protea magnifica link Syn: Protea barbigera Meisn.
• Protea neriifolia R.Br.

• Protea speciosa (L.) L.
• Protea stokoei

• Protea aurea ( N.L.Burm. ) Rourke Protea aurea ( N.L.Burm. ) Rourke subsp. aurea
• Protea aurea subsp. potbergensis

• Protea Mundii Klotzsch
• Protea punctata Meisn.
• Protea subvestita N.E.Brown

• Protea venusta

• Protea acaulos
• Protea convexa

• Protea laevis
• Protea revoluta

• Protea ungustata

• Protea foliosa
• Protea intonsa

• Protea montana
• Protea tenax

• Protea vogtsiae

• Protea acuminata
• Protea canaliculata

• Protea nana ( P.J.Bergius ) Thunb.
• Protea pityphylla

• Protea scolymocephala (L.) Reichard
• Protea witzenbergiana

• Protea effusa
• Protea namaquana

• Protea pendula
• Protea recondita

• Protea sulphurea

• Protea caespitosa

• Protea aspera
• Protea denticulata
• Protea lorea

• Protea piscina
• Protea restionifolia
• Protea scabra

• Protea scorzonerifolia

• Protea mucronifolia

• Protea odorata

Pictures

That a picture in the article is useful, you can, for example, recognize the fact that the article text refers thereto.

Protea aurea subsp. potbergensis

Protea caffra

Protea compacta

Protea eximia

Protea neriifolia

Protea obtusifolia

Real Protea ( Protea repens )

Protea scolymocephala

Protea speciosa

Protea venusta

Specimen Museum - Protea madiensis

Swell

• Tony Rebelo: Proteas - A field guide to the Proteas of Southern Africa. Fernwood Press, 1995, ISBN 1-874950-02-4 ( softcover ), ISBN 1-874950-18-0 (Hardcover)
• SM Chisumpa, RK Brummitt & S. Marner: Proteaceae. In: GV Pope, RM Polhill, ES Martins ( eds.): Flora Zambesiaca, Volume 9, No. 3, 2006, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, ISBN 1-8424-6136-2, (online).. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
• The Protea Project. ( Description section )
• The Protea Atlas Project at the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town.
• Anthony G. Rebelo (eds.): The Protea Atlas of southern Africa - Full-Text PDF.
• Keith Coates Palgrave: Trees of southern Africa. Page 128-144. 2nd edition. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 1988. ISBN 0-86977-081-0