Rector (academia)

Rector (from the Latin rector, head ') is the name of an ecclesiastical, academic or school-based management office.

Ecclesiastical offices

Roman Catholic Church

As Rector Ecclesiae ( church rector ) is called in today's canonical language the priest who acts as the leader of a church that is not a parish or monastery church. It is usually appointed by the diocesan bishop, or if another is entitled to the proposal or voting rights, used or confirmed by it.

In the older language, and still in the Code of Canon Law of 1917, but the incumbent parish priests are meant by rectores ecclesiarum usually. In even earlier, medieval parlance, the rector ecclesiae usually called contrast nor the church lord or parish patron, so the owner of the parish benefice ( stipend ), the ( Pleban ) was often just not with the parish priest identical, but only the income ( tithe ) from the community involved and it only gave a portion of the resident parish priests. Kirchherr could therefore also be a Minorist or even a layman ( non- cleric ). The 4th Lateran Council forbade in 1215 the then common practice that parish cartridge ( was usually called Vicar ), only one -sixteenth of the tithe to the actually acting as Parish Priest clergy passed on, and committed them to ensure the livelihood of the clergy (can. 32).

Also an official appointed by the Bishop Diocesan priest is called as rector on, as the Superior of a female Congregation ( Congregation ) acts episcopal law. The Rector or Superior has here to guide the task of the religious leadership of the Order of woman as the representative of the bishop and to monitor, and is authorized to issue directives to the superiors of the community. Nowadays, there is this facility is still rare, an example is the Vicar General of the diocese of Regensburg many years, William Gegenfurtner, who works as a Superior at the Motherhouse of the Sisters Mallersdorf. In general, the top management of women religious communities is now, however, in the hands of the nuns themselves The rector is not to be confused with the Spiritual or chaplain of a woman's Order, which acts as confessor and spiritual advisor, but does not perform any management tasks in the order.

In the Jesuit Order, the director of schools or seminaries rector are called.

Anglican Church

In Anglican churches is between Parishes ( parishes ) who are financially independent, and Missions ( missions ) that are subsidized by the diocese, distinguished. In the parishes of the highest-ranking priest ( pastor ) of the parish council appointed ( with the consent of the bishop) and usually with the title " rector " (leader) called; in missions priests are appointed by the bishop and act as its agents, therefore they are called there " vicar " ( deputy).

Old Catholic Church

In the Old Catholic Church Rector Ecclesiae is needed as in the Roman Catholic Church, but this only since the use of the name of Jesus Church as Cathedral.

Academic functions

At most German universities the Rector is the chosen academic leader. A principal can be a professor, but is for the period of his activity released ( unlike most deans and vice-rectors ) of the normal activity. He takes care ( in contrast to the Chancellor ) to representative tasks as well as the alignment of teaching and research. Younger college constitutions also use the term president. The university constitution defines the decision-making powers of rectors or presidents. Presidents have generally have more decision-making powers as rectors, who are traditionally dependent on decisions of the Academic Senate of the university.

The traditional form of address for rectors of universities is: " Magnificence ". This salutation is at traditional universities at official functions still needed.

In the early modern period, the nominal rector of a university could also be the sovereign or a matriculated at the University of Prince son, the University honored in this way.

Train

The official title of the head teacher in many schools in the German speaking countries is rector; the deputy vice-rector or vice-principal is called. In Austria, the term director is common; in Germany the civil service official designations for school leader and manager of professional secondary schools study director or headmaster.