Romanesque Revival architecture
The romanesque, also called Romanesque Revival is a style of European art of the 19th century. Artists, especially architects, then attacked on models of the past two millennia - in this case to the Romanesque period. But there were also Neo-Gothic, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Baroque and the association of several of these styles in a work (so-called eclecticism ), collectively referred to in the history of style as historicism.
History
During the middle ages to the Romanesque period was followed by the Gothic, the situation was reversed with neo-gothic and romanesque. Turning to Gothic Revival in Germany in the second half of the 18th century and in the early 19th century, based on the - historically false - assumption that the Gothic is an original " German " architecture. Pioneer of the Neo-Romanesque in Germany and in the European context were in the 1820s with basic publications Heinrich Rudolf Wiegmann Pretty and which a reasonable assessed the Romanesque than their own. One of the first architects of the Neo-Romanesque include Johann Claudius von Lassaulx and Friedrich von Gärtner, whose round arch style showed next to the Romanesque other influences. Since then, the art-historical term " Romanesque " did not exist, the names " Byzantine style " were initially " round arch style " or " early Christian style " used interchangeably.
1861 published Eisenach regulative allowed as a style for the Protestant church in addition to the early Christian basilica, the medieval style of the Romanesque and Gothic. The highlight of the romanesque in 1891 to deal with the Wiesbaden program through the evangelical church. The style extends beyond the end of the actual historicism around the turn of the century as far as into the 1920s. The construction of the romanesque had its focus in the church. Due to industrialization, there were in the fast-growing cities to a large field of activity. In the Catholic south of the German-speaking world of style, however, is rare.
Even in the secular romanesque be found. Examples of renovations in castles and castle building, which were equivalent to new buildings, are the Romanesque rebuilding the Wartburg near Eisenach and the imperial palace in Goslar. Most famous neuro manic building ever Neuschwanstein Castle can apply, but which has an eclectic interiors. When the French origin of the long time was known as " Old German " Gothic considered no longer be denied, has been increasingly used the romanesque in Wilhelmine Germany as a " real" German style for public secular buildings such as post offices, government buildings and traffic structures. Known representatives are, for example, the Prussian government building in Koblenz and Metz -Ville train stations and Worms Hauptbahnhof.
Stylistically, they resorted not only to the form elements of the Romanesque in Western Europe back, but also used the more stately forms of the Byzantine style. Also in the construction of the churches you did not stop with Romanesque floor plans, but used the more advanced principles of Gothic, recognizable by ribbed vaults and rectangular surfaces of the yokes.
In Altarbau one speaks of Neo-Romanesque. As in the Romanesque altar but no structures were used are " neo-Roman " high altars often basically neo-Gothic altars which use archways instead of pointed arches and pinnacles give up. The lack of historical models introduced after all this that was creatively dealt with shapes and structure in the historicist Altarbau under the label of " romanesque " and corresponding altars often seem more playful than those of the Gothic Revival.
Gallery
Holy Cross Church Gladbeck- Butendorf
Nave of the parish church of Glarus
Sacred Heart Church in Koblenz, 1900-1903
Interior view of Saint -Pierre- le -Jeune catholique in Strasbourg
Mary's Cathedral, Windhoek
Cologne Synagogue, 1895-1899
Garrison Church of St. Martin, Dresden, 1893-1900
The Cathedral of Szeged
Millennium Church in Timisoara
Catholic Parish Church of the Holy Sacrament in Dillingen / Saar
Power station ( 1905/ 06 ) of the ore mine Rammelsberg in Goslar ( UNESCO World Heritage)