Rubus nivalis

Rubus nivalis, leaves leaf

Rubus nivalis is occurring in western North America species of the genus Rubus. The species belongs to the rose family ( Rosaceae ).

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Rubus nivalis is a perennial plant whose prostrate growing shoots to take root at the nodes. The terete, fluffy haired, slightly woody stem axis are 3-12 dm long and about 1-2 mm thick. They are sparsely covered with rather slender, slightly curved, backward -looking spines. The change-constant leaves have a 1-5 cm long, grooved and occupied with slender, recurved spines stalk. The lanceolate to broadly ovate, short- pointed, toothed or lobed stipules often are 5-10 mm long. They are not or hardly fused with the petiole. The evergreen leaf blade is usually simple, rarely also composed threes. The leaf blade of simple leaves leaves is about 3-6 cm long, cordate - ovate to roundish - heart-shaped and undivided up irregularly three-lobed. The lower leaves of deciduous leaves are threefold wrong ovate, the terminal leaflet is slightly larger and broadly rhombic- ovate. The leaf blade is on the edge coarsely toothed with broad, suddenly inked teeth. It is very shiny and the upper side glabrous or sparsely rauhaarig, busy green below and along the nerve with slender, recurved spines.

Generative features

The inflorescences are available at the prostrate shoots on a short, not occupied with glandular stem in the axils of the leaves. They contain one or two hermaphrodite flowers and usually more than one bract. The base of the flower is prickly on the outside ± slightly curved. The five lanceolate, often unequal sepals are 7-9 mm long and have about 2 mm long, linear metallic tip. The outer ones are laubig, some serrated, hairy shaggy and bent back in the heyday. The five lanceolate to narrowly elliptic petals are dull purple to pink, rarely white colored and about as long and one-half times as long as the sepals. The 10-15 is not intergrown with fädlichen stamens stamens and usually less than ten carpels sit on the ± conical base of the flower. The fruit leaves contain two hanging ovules, one of which remains undeveloped. The terminal stylus are thready.

The fruits are as hemispherical, formed red, fluffy hairy collecting stone fruits that are composed of no more than five to six large, seeded stone fruits. The stone core has a pitted surface.

The plant blooms from late April to August and fruiting from June to early October.

Chromosomes

Rubus nivalis has a diploid chromosome complement of 2n = 14

Distribution and habitat

The majority of occurrences of Rubus nivalis is found along the west coast of North America, from British Columbia to northwestern California. The northernmost localities lie in the central highlands of British Columbia, for example, in Burns Lake. Further south, among other Vancouver Iceland, the west foot of the North Shore Mountains, the Olympic Peninsula, the Oregon Coast Range and the Cascade Range are populated. Of these, separated by continental, with low precipitation basin and plateau landscapes comes Rubus nivalis inland before, for example in the mountainous southeastern British Columbia and Idaho. The species grows almost from sea level to altitudes of about 1500 m.

The range of occurrence of Rubus nivalis ranging from shaded to semi- shaded, moist coniferous forests to open spots to hang back. The type remains sterile in shady woods and comes only at sufficiently sparse locations to flower, for example, recently burned areas or rocky sites.

Taxonomy and systematics

The first description of the species was published by William Jackson Hooker in his Flora Boreali - Americana in 1832. It was based on a manuscript of the British plant collector David Douglas, so the latter than the actual author has to apply. Rubus pacificus J.M.Macoun is a synonym. In addition, the species as Cardiobatus nivalis ( Douglas ) Greene, the type species of its own, but today not recognized monotypic genus Cardiobatus Greene.

Rubus nivalis is placed within the genus Rubus Chamaebatus in the relatively species-poor, predominantly Asian subgenus. A molecular investigation on the basis of ITS sequences of the ribosomal DNA has shown this subgenus as polyphyletic. Rubus nivalis was not the sister taxon of the East Asian Rubus pectinellus, the second species under consideration of the subgenus. However, he showed relationships with the two studied species of the predominantly South American subgenus Orobatus and a clade geoides consisted of several, mainly in the subgenus Lampobatus belonging to the New Zealand and Australian species as well as from the South American Rubus.

Etymology

The specific epithet nivalis (lat. snow ) appears to relate to the information on Habitat in the original description: ". On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains ", eg "On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains ." The genus name Rubus is the ancient Latin name of the blackberries.

Use

The Quileute and the Hoh on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, the fruits are eaten raw, cooked as a compote and preserved for the winter.

Swell

• L. Abrams 1944: 64 Family Rosaceae. Rose Family. In: Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol II Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, pp. 407-465. - Online
• Ertter B. 1993: Rubus. In: Hickman JC (ed.): The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, ISBN 0-520-08255-9, pp. 974-975. - Online
• Genaust H. 1996: Etymological Dictionary of the botanical name of the plant. 3rd edition, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6.
• Rydberg PA 1913: 53 Rubus ( Tourn. ) L. Sp Pl 492 1753. North American flora. Vol 22, Part 5, pp. 428-480. - Online
• Scoggan H. J. 1978: Rosaceae (Rose Family). In: The Flora of Canada. Part 3: Dicotyledoneae ( Saururaceae to Violaceae ). National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, ISBN 0-660-00025-3, pp. 898-967.