Sardinian language

Spoken in

Sc

Srd

Srd

The Sardinian language ( Sardinian: limba sarda ), the Sardinian is a Romance language, which is on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia of approximately 1-1.3 million people, the Sardinians spoken.

Compared to the Italian and the other Romance languages, the Sardinian has relatively preserved many phonetic and grammatical elements of Latin. Many Catalan and Spanish influences recover in Sardinian.

The language code is sc or srd ( ISO 639).

Sociolinguistic status

The Sardinian is spoken exclusively belonging to Italy Mediterranean island of Sardinia of approximately 1-1.3 million people ( or about 80 % of the island 's population). These are almost all bilingual (Italian / Sardinian ).

Through a regional law of 1997 and a law of the Italian Republic from 1999 Sardinian was recognized as a minority language. An equality with the Italian, as the Germans or the French in South Tyrol and in the Aosta Valley, but could not yet be achieved.

In Sardinia there are other linguistic minorities: On the two islands in the southwest of Sardinia ( esp. Carloforte and Calasetta ) is a Ligurian dialect, the so-called " Tabarchino ", and in Alghero in the northwest (Catalan L' Alguer, Sardinian S'Alighera, Spanish Alguer ) a Catalan dialect spoken.

Written language

The common written language of the Sardinians: limba sarda Comuna was introduced in 2006 experimentally, the first text in limba sarda comuna is the statute of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, which was ratified on March 7, 2007.

Dialects

The main dialects of Sardinian are

  • Logudorese ( North and Central Sardinia)
  • Nuoresisch (central -eastern Sardinia), often grouped together with Logudorese as Logudorese.
  • Campidanesisch (South Sardinia)

Grammar

Particularly striking is the definite article in Sardinian: In contrast to the other Romance languages ​​is that (as in the Majorcan ) not ille to the Latin demonstrative, illa, illud (eg Italian il / lo, la, French le, la, spanish el, la ) and the respective plural forms back, but derives from the Latin ipse, IPSV (m), ipsa (m ), etc.: . singular in the Sardinian definite article su loud ( masc sing ), sa ( fem. singing ), in the plural sos ( masc pl. ) and sas (fem. pl. ) in Logudoresischen, in Campidanesischen is for both genera. The use of ipse, IPSV (m), ipsa (m) as products can be found within the Romance languages ​​usually only in the Catalan dialect of Mallorca. As in Spanish and Romanian, the direct object is marked with a preposition (so-called prepositional accusative ): deo bido a Maria ( " I see Mary" (literally: I see Maria ) ).

Phonetics and phonology

Another typical feature is the most extensive receipt of vulgar Latin vowel system esp. in Logudoresischen and Nuoresischen (-u to watch in Campidanesischen only in stressed position in unstressed position is a reduction to -a,- i, similar to the Sicilian ).

In the logudoresischen and nuoresischen dialects Latin intervocalic plosives stay (p, t, k ), remained largely intact, especially the preservation of Latin velar pronunciation of C ( / k / ) is striking: for example, Latin centu (m ) (pronounced / Kentu / ) '100 ' > Logudorese Kentu (see cento italian, french cent ). This archaism is normally only found in the extinct Dalmatian.

Special features of the Sardinian are also the Metaphonie ( umlaut ), the artificial body ( " Nachklappvokal ": If a word or sentence ends in a consonant, the previous vowel is repeated: eg sas domos - ie: / sar or sal domoso / ) and the existence of the retroflex consonants [ ɖ ], which is usually with -dd - or - ddh reproduced graphically.

Speech sample

  • The Little Prince in Sardinian: Text and Audio sample
Language family Sardinian people Ligurian (Romance language) Campidanese dialect Velar consonant Dalmatian language Umlaut (linguistics)
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