Saxonia (locomotive)
The locomotive Saxonia Leipzig - Dresden Railway Company was the first working steam locomotive built in Germany.
History
Was constructed, the locomotive of Johann Andreas Schubert. Schubert had been inspired here by the British locomotive COMET and the seen analyzed and improved: Two coupled axles made for the operator and thus for high traction, a barrel axis for the smooth running was added.
The development and construction of the locomotive was in, which was founded on January 1, 1837 Maschinenbauanstalt Übigau near Dresden. Schubert from the start was head of the company. The construction of the locomotive was a technical and economic risk for the company. For one, there were no technical experience and on the other hand no job lay ahead for construction. As a basis for its construction served him from the English COMET detached extent.
It provided for the Saxonia for the opening of the Leipzig- Dresden Railway on April 7, 1839. Yet the Englishman who had the railway monopoly to date, begrudged Schubert and his Saxonia success. The opening move was promoted by two English locomotives. The Saxonia - led by its founder Johann Andreas Schubert - drove behind the opening move. This ride was sabotaged several times.
The Saxonia was later still used, since 1843 for a mileage of 8,666 kilometers, is demonstrated. Their whereabouts, there is no secure data, but they may have belonged until 1856 to the existence of the LDE, since her name was only then forgive again.
On April 12, 1840, the Maschinenbauanstalt Übigau delivered yet another B1n2 locomotive called PHOENIX to the LDE.
Technical Features
Technically corresponded to the Saxonia essentially their English models. About the design of the boiler, there are few details. The boiler barrel had riveted longitudinal seams, the firebox was carried out with cylindrical vaulted ceiling. A flat plate on the firebox was used for recording the steam whistle and the Federwaag safety valve. In the front part of the long boiler there was the tall, slender steam dome. The grate was designed to be movable.
The steam engine was designed as a two cylinder internal engine with a simple inner lever control without steam strain level. Was driven, the second coupled axle.
Both the two Kuppelradsätze, as well as the barrel axis were fixed in the frame. The spokes of the wheels were made of forged flat iron. Later cast-iron wheel spiders were installed. Because of the inner engine, the second coupled axle had to be run as goiter axis, which, in view of that technical production possibilities must be considered remarkable. A technical innovation was the trailing axle, which had been provided by Schubert in particular to improve the handling characteristics. She held it later yet dispensable, it was expanded in 1840. Beginning in 1842, however, had been prohibited for safety of operating two-axle locomotives, so they had to be reinstalled.
As a spindle- actuated brake was first band brake, which appeared from above, the two drive wheels, present. Since they did not prove successful because of excessive wear, it was later expanded again.
Replica
On October 11, 1985, a working group for the reproduction of the locomotive was established at the Ministry of Transport of the GDR. Provided this replica was on April 8, 1989 for the first time to use the occasion of the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the first German long-distance railway Leipzig- Dresden.
Similar to the time when ADLER stood for the reconstruction of only a few original construction documents are available. The basis of the new design was mainly a blueprint of the original drawings of 1838. Dimensions and technical data are taken from 1839 by NW Taken Meissner published book "History and explanatory description of steam engines, steamboats and railroads ." As it proved problematic in advance that a replica of the old production techniques for various reasons was not possible. For the manufacture of the boiler as the current technical regulations were observed. A source of concern also prepared the steam engine. Originally had the Saxonia just a simple lever control, which admitted no charge control. Therefore a Stephenson control was provided with open bars for the reconstruction of the Saxonia.
The construction and production of the replica vessel was Dampfkesselbau Übigau entrusted to the VEB in Dresden. For this operation, it must have been a special award to continue supplying the modern replica of almost exactly 150 years after the original boiler now. All other components of the Saxonia other hand, were supplied from a variety of departments of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. Final assembly of the Saxonia was carried out in the kingdom railway workshop hall. The production of assemblies took over the Bahnbetriebswerke Dresden, Oebisfelde, Berlin- Pankow and White Rock as well as reconditioning workshop Wilsdruff.
The construction of the tender was made in the place of use Waren (Müritz ) of rail operations work Neustrelitz. Originally a largely original replica was provided with a wooden frame from overseas hardwoods. Experiments with a mock buffer carrier showed, however, that such a wooden structure has a strong tendency to break. For the reason of the tender frame was ultimately manufactured in welded construction with wood paneling.
On 1 October 1988, the new locomotive in the Raw Halle was first fueled. 14 days later the new locomotive showed their full functionality on a test drive to Eisleben. In the January 12, 1989 acceptance procedure of the drive between Halle and Leipzig, the locomotive reached even at a speed of 70 km / h, a very quiet running and a good steam.
The depot Leipzig Hbf South was home depot for the new Saxonia. On 8 and 9 April 1989, the new Saxonia led the remarkable vehicle parade on the anniversary of the first German long-distance railway in Riesa.
Owner of the locomotive is now the DB Museum in Nuremberg. The locomotive was made according to a 2008 revision in the Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works continued to operate.
Since 2011 she is in the Dresden Transport Museum as a guest. After the expiration of inspection intervals for the boiler, a restart is not possible.
Philatelic Findings
On September 5, 2013, the German Post AG announced the stamp series Stamp Day as so-called Plus brand with a value of 58 27 euro cents for the 175th anniversary steam locomotive Saxonia. It was designed by graphic artist Harry Scheuner from Chemnitz.