Ségolène Royal

Marie- Ségolène Royal, short Ségolène Royal [ segɔ ˌ lɛn ʀwajal Ségolène Royal / i ?] ( Born September 22, 1953 in Dakar, French West Africa - now Senegal ) is a French politician and was candidate of the Socialist Party ( PS) for the presidential election 2007th She was 1988-2007 deputy for Deux -Sèvres and has held since April 2004, the Office of the President of the Regional Council of Poitou -Charentes. Since April 2014, it is Minister for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy in the government of Manuel Valls.

• 2.1 Participatory Democracy
• 2.2 Foreign Policy
• 2.3 European Union
• 2.4 State Constitution
• 2.5 Youth and Integration
• 2.6 Energy policy
• 2.7 Intellectual Property

• 3.1 Government functions
• 3.2 Election Mandates
• 3.3 Functions on local / regional level
• 3.4 Functions on the party level

Biography

As the daughter of an officer Jacques Royal and his wife Hélène Dehaye she grew up in a strict, fairly strongly Catholic milieu. She went to school graduated first in Charmes, then in Epinal. Later she graduated from the Université de Nancy their Licence in Economics.

She is a graduate of the Institut d' études politiques de Paris ( IEP), named Sciences Po, and a graduate of the elite Ecole Nationale d'Administration (ENA ), year of graduation Voltaire. After this training, she decided to work as a judicial official at the Administrative Court of Paris. On the ENA she met François Hollande know, the later party leader of the Socialists and hand since May 15 in the 2012 Presidential France in the late 1970s, her partner was. The partnership four children. On June 17, 2007 Royal announced the separation of Hollande.

She was, like her partner Hollande, "discovered" as a judge at the Administrative Court of Jacques Attali and was from 1982 to 1988 Consultant in the General Secretariat of the President, responsible initially for Youth and Sport, and later of Social Affairs. A little later she joined the Socialist Party. In 1988, President François Mitterrand sent it as a candidate in the conservative Deux-Sevres, where she was surprisingly elected with a score of 50.57 percent for the deputies of the National Assembly. With statements to the summer time, against the glorification of violence in the media or the designation of origin of cheese and other regional agricultural products, it has since become a presence in the French public. It has various Views signed that emanated from the political clubs of Jacques Delors, the Secretary-General Hollande was.

On 4 April 1992 and Ségolène Royal was appointed environment minister in the cabinet of Pierre Bérégovoy. After the electoral defeat of the Left in the parliamentary elections in 1993 she left with the resignation of the government on March 29, 1993 from office. Royal then took her mandate in the National Assembly on again, which she had laid upon entering the government in which they had been but re-elected in the parliamentary elections.

In 1994 Royal was admitted as a lawyer in Paris and joined the law firm Teitgen.

Your project to get elected in 1997 as Head of the French National Assembly, failed in favor of Laurent Fabius. Instead, she was appointed by Lionel Jospin to Deputy Minister of Education in the Ministry of Education of Claude Allègre (Cabinet Jospin ). During her tenure from June 1997 to March 2000 she fought in a large-scale campaign disseminated in the military and higher education Francophonie maladministration of the so-called bizutage and reached the criminalization of this humiliating initiation rites. By edited by its slogan, " for giving more, who have the least ," she launched a development program for priority schools with social and service-specific difficulty in urban problem zones ( " zone d' éducation prioritaires " - in short: ZEP ).

Since Royal employed, the campaign for elections to the General Council of Deux -Sèvres employees without compensation, she was sentenced by a labor court in Niort in 1999; an appeal was denied by the appellate court in Poitiers in 2005.

In a cabinet reshuffle Royal changed on 27 March 2000 in the capacity as Deputy Minister of Family and Childhood (from 27 March 2001: Deputy Minister of Family, Childhood and disabled people ) in the Ministry of Labour and Employment short time under Martine Aubry, then Élisabeth Guigou In this role, she was especially laws on paternity leave, ask for aid for the school year and to combat prostitution of minors successfully adopted. With the resignation of the Jospin government she divorced on 6 May 2002 from office.

In the parliamentary elections of 2002, Royal successfully applied as a deputy for the department of Deux -Sèvres. In 2004, she ran as a top candidate of the Socialist Party in the election of the Regional Council of Poitou -Charentes in the campaign, she was nicknamed Zapatera - in allusion to the Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. In the election they could prevail with 46.29 percent against its predecessor Elisabeth Morin (UMP ).

Candidacy in the 2007 presidential election

From mid-2006 until their defeat, with 47 percent of the vote behind Nicolas Sarkozy (53 percent) in the runoff election on May 6, 2007 Royal had a solution tailored to their personality campaign conducted with the aim of the presidential election win in 2007 and the first State President of the to be the French Republic. In the first round she won with 25.84 percent of the vote in second place with a total of twelve presidential candidates. This was the highest score of a socialist presidential candidate in 20 years.

Internally, Royal Party had prevailed within the Socialist Party (PS) as a top candidate for President 2007 election with 60.62 percent of the vote against Laurent Fabius ( 18.54 percent) and Dominique Strauss- Kahn ( 20.83 percent) on 16 November 2006. Of the 218,000 voting members is surprising 82.04 percent participating, where Royal was able to score, especially among the 70,000 newly joined party members.

Unlike the male party colleagues among the competitors she avoided to the campaign's start public specifications and spoke rather of fundamental political values ​​such as "just okay " or " Creditable use of power ." This makes them very different from the party faithful " presidential " programmed by its intra-party competitors Fabius and Strauss -Kahn, which earned her some strong criticism in the party. Its followers believed, however, that she wanted to distance itself from the program statements of Fabius and Strauss -Kahn to align their political profile on a bipartisan majority in the population. When Lionel Jospin renounced end of September 2006 on the top candidate for the presidency, to Royals chances elevated significantly. Since then, she was taken outside their party of the rival Nicolas Sarkozy and Dominique de Villepin, who had previously spoken of a mere media campaign seriously as a candidate for the highest office in France.

After her nomination as the official candidate of the Socialists for the President election 2007 Royal continued to lead a campaign with personal touches, sometimes against their party, what their popularity to the party base, despite some internal party criticism did not hurt. She founded at that time a club with the name Désirs d' avenir (Eng. about " longing for the future " ) should equally participate, the party members and interested citizens in the political debate. This association existed even after the lost presidential election on quite successfully and formed Royals basis for further political projects.

After several gaffes during the campaign, including the fact that they had emphasized the " sovereignty and freedom " of the Canadian province of Quebec during a conversation with the Canadian politician André Boisclair, the survey institutes IPSOS and CSA determined declining poll numbers for the candidate. In addition, Royal remained an explanation guilty as required by their additional benefits are to be financed. Against this background, Royal announced on February 18 on a new organization of their campaign strategy.

Unexpected indirect election assistance to the runoff on May 6, 2007 he got Royal by the shunting third in the first round of voting centrist politician François Bayrou (UDF ), who had announced shortly before the runoff between Sarkozy and Royal, not the conservative Gaullist Sarkozy (UMP ) to select. This could be one reason that they only succumbed on 6 May 2007 by six percentage points over Sarkozy.

Despite their defeat in the presidential elections, they saw it as their duty to keep the Socialists in the parliamentary election campaign. She had, however, already dispensed before the presidential election in a bid again as deputies. She called in June 2007 produced a controversy after she himself described their political program was not " credible" ( " credible " ) in a television broadcast. She called above all the transfer of the 35 - hour working week for all holdings and increasing the minimum wage to 1,500 euros per month.

Battle for the party presidency

At the party in November 2008 in Reims applied Ségolène Royal to the party presidency of the PS. When the second ballot resulted in a duel with Martine Aubry, supported all excreted candidates latter to prevent a victory for Royal. In the runoff Royal Aubry subject at a distance of 42 in. of about 67,000 votes. The camp at Royal accused the party leadership and the bearing Aubry then to have manipulated the elections. The party leadership could then make a recount, the victory Aubry confirmed, with a slightly larger distance of 102 votes; this result is then confirmed by the Congress.

The announcement of the warehouse by Royal to challenge the profit before public courts was dropped over the following months. The ratio of the two politicians, however, is disturbed since this dispute, even if there has been between gestures of reconciliation.

Presidential and legislative elections in 2012

In November 2010, Ségolène Royal announced in interviews with the press for the 2012 presidential election in their bid for a new candidate for the Parti Socialiste. She dropped it off in the first round of open primaries of the Parti Socialiste, where it reached only 7 percent of the vote. Before the second ballot on 16 October, she spoke in favor of François Hollande.

In the French parliamentary elections of 2012, Ségolène Royal competed in the first constituency of the department of Charente- Maritime. She announced, in the case of an election to the National Assembly to bid for the Presidency of the Parliament. After they had stood in the first ballot in the lead, but was defeated Royal in the runoff with 37 percent of the vote the socialist dissidents Olivier Falorni, who had refused to withdraw his own bid for them.

Environmental and Energy Minister in 2014

On April 2, 2014 was appointed to the Environmental and Energy Minister of France Ségolène Royal by the French Prime Minister Manuel Valls.

Political Position

The following political positions represented Ségolène Royal in a keynote speech in the Paris suburb of Villepinte on 12 February 2007 - she called them " 100 proposals " to their political positions as a presidential candidate:

Participatory democracy

Ségolène Royal, acting under inclusion of new forms of communication of the Internet, blogs and forums, the principle of participatory democracy ( " la démocratie participative ") to model their political programs. Based on their observation that political France live through a loss of credibility and because of the increasing remoteness of his reign a deep democratic crisis, they called on politics, to rely more on the ability of citizens to contribute their personal expertise in the political process; they wanted to direct bind citizens in the preparation of decisions that affect them, both at national and at regional level. The mobilization of this collective intelligence would bring genuine results. The autism and the arrogance of government would not work. Royal, establishing a model of democracy with their educational experience in the Regional Council of Poitou- Charentes, where she had set her concept of participatory democracy in about 50 secondary schools through the involvement of students, parents and staff in the budget policies of the educational institutions with the help of the Internet.

Foreign Policy

In foreign policy, Ségolène Royal was particularly critical of the superficiality formulated by the U.S. government under George W. Bush doctrine of the axis of evil. Preventive wars would rather exacerbate the problems, as they would be able to solve these. There was no one except George Bush, who was of the opinion that the world has become safer since the occupation of Iraq, they said in a debate program in Frangy -en- Bresse on August 20, 2006 ahead of their bid for the presidential nomination. A possible Turkish accession to the European Union Ségolène Royal in fulfillment of the terms of accession by Turkey open to.

In the conflict over Iran's nuclear program Royal urged Tehran to suspend uranium enrichment, but rejected it any unilateral action against the country from. In earlier statements they had demanded the renunciation of the country to the peaceful use of nuclear energy beyond.

They called for a boycott of the 2008 to be held in China Olympics in order to punish China's Africa policy.

European Union

In matters of European integration, Segolene Royal positioned against a re-ratification of the European Constitutional Treaty in the version of the Constitutional Convention, which had been rejected by a majority of the French:

State Constitution

Against the background of the debate on a constitutional reform Royal pleaded for a total of " VI. Republic, " whose constitution essentially provides for a distribution and equalization of the concentration of power of the centralized state system at the expense of the French President and the benefit of the National Assembly. So she spoke in reference to the personalized proportional representation in Germany for the introduction of elements of the party proportional representation in the French suffrage from. Therefore should no longer between 80 and 160 seats - controlled as before for every Member of the National Assembly - will be awarded by popular vote, but are elected through a party list to parliament. At the same time the National Assembly by date 577 should be increased to about 600 seats and a ban on the accumulation of offices to be enforced. Furthermore, Royal proposed a restriction on the use of the emergency legislation in conjunction with before a parliamentary duty to consult in case of an upcoming overseas deployment of the armed forces. The according to existing constitutional law several times possible re-election of French President for a further term of five years should be limited to a single re-election. The Constitutional Council, the French Constitutional Court (translated actually: Constitutional Council ), should be absorbed into a Cour Constitutionnelle: In this Court should by the 15 judges ( currently 9) 3 also appointed by the President, 9 However, national of the Assembly and three by the Senate each be elected by a two -thirds majority. Finally, in its program the strengthening of direct democratic instruments was provided for example by the proposed introduction of a referendum with an admission threshold of one million or ten percent of the electorate.

Youth and Integration

Ségolène Royal was and is true even within the Socialist Party - regardless of their of the party, though in vain, supported presidential nomination in 2007 - as controversial. So she called for the improvement of social integration for young people " educational institutions on the nature of the military " in which " the young people are taken by the hand ". Adults should " encourage them to work, so that the self-confidence of the young people will increase ."

Energy policy

Ségolène Royal called for a closure of the controversial nuclear power plant Fessenheim in Alsace, if they will state president. It informed in a letter to the citizens' initiative "Stop Fessenheim " with. In the letter, Royal explained that they share the concern for the safety of the plant. In this context, they called for a more economical and more efficient energy consumption and further promote the use of renewable energies.

The election manifesto of their party Aim to cut the share of nuclear energy in electricity production in France from the current 80 percent to 50 percent in 2017, Royal announced. The Alsatian nuclear power plant Fessenheim only wear two and a half percent of the total French electricity generation, as Royal. Therefore, it is now " feasible and desirable " to close the two reactors as soon as possible. Fessenheim is the oldest French nuclear power plant.

Intellectual Property

In May 2006, Royal spoke clearly against an extension of intellectual property. She criticized the French implementation of the EU Copyright Directive as " simplistic " and the " interests of copyright holders and the public have running". The Chirac government did not understand the laws of the digital age and the amendment cabinets by the unilateral and unrestricted grant new monopoly rights by digital rights management innovation and freedoms unreasonable one.

Mandates

Government functions

Elective offices

At the national level:

Functions, at local / regional level

Functions on the party level

• Since 2008: Deputy Chairman of the Socialist International