Silent Night
Silent night, holy night is considered the most famous Christmas song in the world. It is in Austria, where it was composed, has been declared as the epitome of the Christmas traditions to intangible cultural heritage.
History
For Christmas Eve 1818 Christmas song Silent night, holy night led Arnsdorfer the village schoolmaster and organist Franz Xaver Gruber ( 1787-1863 ) and the auxiliary priest Joseph Mohr ( 1792-1848 ) in the church of St. Nikola in Oberndorf bei Salzburg for the first time on.
Oberndorf was until 1816 a part of the city running. Under the Treaty of Munich, in 1816, as it was on the right bank of the Salzach River, Salzburg, Austria, joined the circle, running remained with Bavaria and belongs to the so-called since Rupertiwinkel.
Mohr had already in 1816 wrote the lyrics later in Maria parish in Salzburg's Lungau district in the form of a poem. Conrad, Franz Xaver Gruber, who was the son of a poor weaver family stronghold - Oh in Innviertel, then composed before Christmas in 1818 at the request of Joseph Mohr, a melody for this poem. For two documents, the exact genesis of the song can understand. On the one hand by the community initiative, and on the other by the oldest surviving manuscript by Joseph Mohr, was discovered only in 1995 in Salzburg. This autograph, dated to the period around 1823, is the oldest document for the history of the song dar. It is in the possession of the Salzburg Museum Association and is preserved in the Salzburg Museum. Both documents complement and confirm each other in the following findings:
On the motives that led to the creation of the song, there is no reliable evidence. An unconfirmed guess is that the old positive of the church was not recordable, Mohr and Gruber therefore created a song with guitar accompaniment. To the world premiere of Silent Night There are many legends and romantic stories that embellish the history with anecdotal details.
Text and melody inspired the church-goers of Oberndorf present in the Church.
The fact that this song from Oberndorf was known far and wide, the organ builder Karl Mauracher (1789-1844) is attributed from joining. He repaired the desolate organ of St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, heard the tune and brought the song after joining. There it took the Ur -Rainer singers who sang in joining the church choir. 1819 Christmas Mass, the song was already sung in joining. The Rainer singers gave it to the Strasser brothers continue. This Tyrolean sang songs in Leipzig, among others, the song Silent Night. Above all, this tune won the audience's attention. With the Zillertal National singers, starting with the Ur -Rainer singers from the Zillertal, the song went on to conquer the German states and around the world. Today, there are translations in more than 300 languages and dialects.
The first edition of the song took place in 1833 in Dresden on a leaflet, together with three other " outlaw Tyrolese songs ." The memory of the authorship of the song was already faded at this time, the song was seen as a folk song. King Frederick William IV of Prussia (1795-1861), who loved the song particularly, it is thanks to them that the authors are still known today: his court orchestra turned in 1854 to the Abbey of St. Peter (Salzburg) with the request for a copy of the song, which was thought mistaken for a work of Michael Haydn ( 1737-1806 ). In this way, we stumbled across on the still living composer Franz Xaver Gruber, thereupon its "Authentic occasion for the Composition of the Christmas carol, Silent Night, Holy Night ' " handwritten drew up.
In 1943, the native of Austria writer Hertha Pauli ( 1906-1973 ), who fled by the Nazis in the U.S. due to the persecutions that many Americans the song Silent Night for an American folk song stopped. Therefore you wrote the book Silent Night for U.S. children. The Story of a Song in which they explained the actual origin of the song.
The Silent Night Chapel in Oberndorf, which stands on the site of the early 20th century, demolished after flood damage St. Nikola Church, is now a tourist attraction. The origin of the song was in 1997 by the television director Franz Xaver Bogner ( born 1949 ) The eternal song shown in the TV movie ( with Tobias Moretti ). Historical vacancies were filled with artistic freedom. The Museum in the Widumspfiste in joining hosts a separate department in which the spread of the carol Silent Night is documented.
In stronghold - Oh pays tribute to the Gruber Häusl where even utensils in the household of the Gruber family are seen, and the Franz- Xaver -Gruber Friedensweg the famous composer. Each year in December, will be remembered with the play Looking for the silent night about how long the search for the actual composer was. The Village School in Arnsdorf, in Gruber once taught, is now home to the Silent Night Museum. In place of pilgrimage Maria parish is still the home of Joseph Mohr's father, called the Chaste Schargler, as a cultural monument in its original condition. In the parsonage, the pilgrimage and the Silent Night Museum with documents for Life of Joseph Mohr.
2011, the Austrian Commission for UNESCO has recorded the song in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (also as a representative of the typical Christmas for Austria ), and has been proposed to the international UNESCO heritage site (complete list ).
On December 6, 2013 in Bad Hindelang was the premiere of the Singspiel Silent night, holy night, which is the origin of the song in a free editor.
Since the first recording on LP in the U.S. Haydn Quartet in October 1905, the Christmas song the best-selling among the world. But the recording by Bing Crosby in 1935 reached an estimated 10 million copies by 2003.
Full lyrics
The song contains six stanzas. The text is often interpreted in the context of a few years earlier made exemption from the Napoleonic rule.
The well-known form, which is mostly sung, but differs from this version, including in the following points: There are only three verses sung to one, namely the first and second and then the sixth than third - some, such as in the Protestant hymnal, the last two are interchanged; to another the word "Jesus" is replaced by " Christian." Also a few older forms, like the old accusative Jesus, and with curly and a few other odds and ends in the second stanza seem to unfamiliar. In the sixth stanza also has the line " Sounding both near and far " in the more modern klingendere " Sounding of distance ' and near ' changed. In some of the autograph Sheet music Gruber, in which the verses are associated with solo voices, the last two lines are repeated by the chorus again in all verses, so sang a total of four times.
At the annual memorial mass in front of the Silent Night Chapel in Oberndorf bei Salzburg all six verses of the song are listed since the year 2006.
Lyrics
Silent Night! Holy Night! All is calm. Lonely monitored Just the faithful and holy pair. Lovely boy with curly hair, Sleep in heavenly peace! Sleep in heavenly peace!
Silent night, holy night! Everyone is sleeping, wake up lonely Just the faithful, most holy couple. Holy infant so tender and mild, Sleep in heavenly peace, Sleep in heavenly peace.
Silent night, holy night! Everyone is sleeping, wake up lonely Just the faithful, most holy couple. That was in the stable at Bethlehem, In the heavenly child, In the heavenly child.
Silent Night! Holy Night! Son of God! O! Radiant beams Love from your holy face, Since we propose the dawn of redeeming grace. Jesus! your birth! Jesus! your birth!
Silent night, holy night! Son of God, such as laughing Love from Thy holy face, Since we propose the dawn of redeeming grace, Christian, at Thy birth, Christian, at Thy birth.
Silent Night! Holy Night! Brought the world peace tonight, From the heavens' golden stately tread Us the fullness of grace can seh'n Jesus in human form! Jesus in human form!
Silent Night! Holy Night! Where today all the might His fatherly love poured And as a brother graciously embraced Jesus the peoples of the world! Jesus the peoples of the world!
Silent Night! Holy Night! Long we hoped that we, When the Lord of wrath befreyt, In the fathers urgrauer time Promised to spare all mankind! Promised to spare all mankind!
Silent Night! Holy Night! Promulgated Shepherds By angelic " Hallelujah! " Sounding it out loud bey both near and far: "Jesus the Savior is here! " "Jesus the Savior is here! "
Silent night, holy night! Shepherds quake at the sight, By angelic Hallelujah. Sounding it out loud from far and near: Christ, the Savior is there, Christ, the Savior is here!
Paraphrase
Popular songs, especially the often rewritten with catchy tunes or parodied ( see, eg, O Holy Night or Morning Comes Santa Claus ). The following paraphrase originated in 1969, when as a copywriter later working as a cabaret artist and painter Dieter Süverkrüp worked in an advertising company and own in the first two verses Experience describes (at the time it was customary in many businesses that Christmas money at a Christmas party in a sealed envelope was handed to each employee individually ):
Impression of the lyrics courtesy of Dieter Süverkrüp of 7 December 2013.
Languages
- Albanian: O e bukra Nate, Nate fatbardhë
- Armenian: Լուռ գիշէր, սուրբ գիշէր
- Breton: Sioul to noz, Santel to noz
- Bulgarian: Тиха нощ, свята нощ
- Chinese:平安夜
- Danish: Glade jul, jul dejlige
- German: Silent Night, Holy Night
- English: Silent night
- Esperanto: Paca nokt '
- Estonian: Püha öö
- Finnish: Jouluyö, juhlayö
- French: Douce nuit sainte nuit
- Frisian: Frede stoun, hillige stoun
- Georgian: საოცარ წამს, იდუმალ წამს ( corresponding translation )
- Greek: Άγια νύχτα
- Greenlandic: Juullimi qiimasuttut
- Hawaiian: PO La'i ¢
- Indonesian: Malam Kudus
- Irish Gaelic: Oíche Chiúin
- Icelandic: home to ból
- Italian: Astro del Ciel
- Japanese:きよし この 夜
- Kashubian: Cecho noc
- Catalan: Santa Nit
- Korean: 고요한 밤 거룩한 밤
- Croatian: Tiha noć
- Ladin: Quieta nott, soncha nott
- Latin: Alma nox
- Latvian: Klusa nakts, Sveta nakts
- Lithuanian: tyl naktis
- Manx: Oie sheeoil, eadley dagh nhee
- Dutch: Silent Night
- Norwegian: Glade jul
- Persian: شب آرام
- Öömrang: roughness naacht, hilag naacht
- Polish: Cicha noc, noc święta
- Portuguese: Noite Feliz
- Romansh: Clara notg
- Romanian: Noapte de vis
- Russian: Тихая ночь
- Sami: Iuovlaidja, juvhli - Idja
- Scottish Gaelic: Oidhche Shàmhach
- Swedish: Stilla natt, natt Heliga
- Slovak: Ticha noc, noc Svätá
- Slovene: Sveta noč, Blažena noč
- Sorbian: CICHA NOC, NOC swatja
- Spanish: Noche de paz
- Czech: Ticha noc, noc Svatá
- Turkish: Sessiz Gece, Kutsal Gece
- Ukrainian: Тиха ніч
- Hungarian: Csendes éj
- Welsh: Tawel Nos
Adaptations in classical music (examples)
- Max Reger, Christmas Dream for Piano Fantasia on "Silent Night, Holy Night", two - or four-handed
- Arthur Honegger Une Cantate de Noël for choir, children's choir, baritone solo, organ and orchestra, 1953
- Krzysztof Penderecki 's Symphony No. 2 ( Christmas Symphony ) for orchestra, 1979-1980
- Bertold Hummel, Silent Night - 3 variations and a postscript from a distance for speaker and 8stimmig mixed choir a cappella ( 1974/1980 )
- Alfred Schnittke, Silent Night for violin and piano (1978 )
- Max Bruch, The Song of the Bell, oratorio by Friedrich Schiller, Op 45 (1872 ); No. 22 trio Holder peace
Films
Movies
- The immortal song. Germany / Switzerland in 1934; Production Company: Bavaria / Arophon; Theatrical: Hans Martens; Length: 75 min; Premiere: December 1, 1934 Berlin; Movie review: " The history of the Christmas carol, Silent Night, Holy Night ' - linked to a village love story.. Sentimental home movie " Alternative title: Silent Night, Holy Night, The eternal song; Screenplay: Alfred Lampel; Director: Hans Marr; Starring: Any Hartmann - Trautel; Felix Gruber - Gruber teachers; Hans Marr - star host; Heinz Galltzki - Leonhard; Jo Zschocke - Fanny; Klara Boeck - Elisabeth; Max Weydner - Pastor Mohr; Paul Richter - Lois; Pink Kirchner Lang - maid.
- The eternal song. Austria in 1997 with Tobias Moretti, Erwin Steinhauer, Heio von Stetten, Krista Posch, Michael Mendl, Karl Merkatz, Andrea Eckert
- Silent Night. USA 2012 with Carsten Clemens, Markus von Lingen, Janina Elkin
Documentary
- Silent Night! Holy Night! The message of peace from the Salzburg region. Salzburg 2009, ORF, Director Renate Lachinger