Single skating

The single drive is a discipline of sport figure skating in which the programs are executed by a single person.

There is a single run of men and the single run of the ladies.

For single drive today include the short program (English short program) and the freestyle ( engl. free skate ).

Until 1991, the single run also consisted of the so-called duty had to be followed as closely as possible in which certain figures on the ice.

Short Program

The short program is the first part of a figure skating competition in a single run. As the name implies, the short program is the shorter of the two parts, it is followed by the longer second part, the freestyle.

In a single run, there was a short program for the first time in 1973. Until then, the individual running from the duty and the freestyle had passed. A key reason for introducing it to reduce the weight rating of the duty was. With the final abolition of duty in 1991, the short program was equivalent to the next part of the free program.

Over time the required elements of the short program were changed several times.

The duration of the short program is now no more than 2 minutes and 50 seconds. Any item that is started after the prescribed time is no longer included in the rating. If the short program not completed within the time limit, there is a deduction of one point per five seconds each time out.

The short program in a single run consists of seven required elements that must be linked to one another by connecting elements. The order of the elements is arbitrary. Additional or repeated elements are not allowed. Their use results in point deduction in the standings.

The short program today consists of the following required elements:

Gentlemen:

  • A double or triple Axel
  • A three -or four- jump, precede the connection steps immediately
  • A jump combination ( a double and a triple jump or two triple jumps or a quadruple and a double or triple jump)
  • Flying spin
  • A balance or sit spin with only one change of foot
  • A combination spin with change of foot and at least one of two changes of position ( balance, seat Standpirouette and their variations );
  • A step sequence (circular, serpentine, longitudinal step sequences )

Women:

  • A double or triple Axel
  • A triple jump, precede the connection steps immediately
  • A jump combination ( a double and a triple jump or two triple jumps )
  • Flying spin
  • A Grundpirouette
  • A combination spin with change of foot and at least one of two changes of position ( balance, seat Standpirouette and its variations)
  • A step sequence ( circle, spiral, longitudinal step sequences )

Freestyle

The free program is the second, longer and more individual part of a figure skating competition in a single run.

Originally, the individual running from duty and choice. While in the Compulsory all the figures were exactly prescribed, there were no provisions in the freestyle. In 1982, the International Skating Union in the individual running the concept of so-called "well- balanced program" one, the " well balanced program ". This process of always becoming one-sided program should be countered with only jump elements. With the introduction of the new rating system in 2004 the freedom of freestyle were further restricted. An exact number of each type of element it is prescribed. There are 13 types of items for men and 12 for women.

The duration of Freestyle is in the men's 4 minutes 30 seconds in the women's 4 minutes. The free program can 10 seconds be over or under the time limit. If the free program not completed within the time limit, there is a deduction of one point per five seconds each time out. For each jump element that is executed after the first half of the free program, 10 % of the base value of the element are offset.

For a well-balanced program, all elements with connecting steps of various kinds and other Kürelementen must be linked, in accordance with the music and utilizing the full ice surface. The music is freely chosen by the athlete, but vocal music is not permitted.

The free program today consists of the following required elements:

Gentlemen:

  • Eight jump elements ( including must be an Axel )
  • Three different spins, one of which combined, a eingesprungene and only with a position
  • Two step sequences; ( Spiral step sequences, longitudinal step sequences, circle step sequences, serpentine step sequence )

Women:

  • Seven jump elements ( including must be an Axel )
  • Three different spins, one of which combined, a eingesprungene and only with a position
  • Two step sequences (Spiral step sequences, longitudinal step sequences, circular step sequence, serpentine step sequence )

Assessment

The evaluation of the short program and the free skate in a single run follows the guidelines of the rating system of the International Skating Union.

History

The single run of the men was the only part of the first European Figure Skating Championships in Hamburg in 1891 and also the first World Figure Skating Championships 1896 in Saint Petersburg. The first individual race of the ladies followed at World Championships 1906 in Davos and at the European Championships 1930 in Vienna. At the first Olympic Games, figure skating had in the program, there were 1908 in London both a competition in a single run of the men as well as in a single run of the ladies. Einmaligerweise there was in these Olympics a second individual competition for men, the special characters.

The successful individual runners in the history of the Swede Ulrich Salchow Eiskunstlaufes are ten World Cup titles and one Olympic gold medal and the Norwegian Sonja Henie with ten World Cup titles and three Olympic victories.

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