Staphyleaceae

Common bladdernut ( Staphylea pinnata ), illustration.

Pimpernussgewächse ( Staphyleaceae ) are a family in the order of Crossosomatales within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). Some species are used as ornamental plants.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

There are woody plants: shrubs and small trees that can be evergreen or deciduous. The aboveground plant parts are often hairy.

The against-constant leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is pinnate; sometimes, rarely reduced to a single leaflets to three. The leaflets have serrated edges fiedernervigen. The stomata are anisocytisch. There are stipules usually present, but they are often reduced to glands.

Generative features

The racemose inflorescences or aged men are terminally or laterally in the upper leaf axils. There are bracts present.

The usually hermaphroditic, flowers are radial symmetry fünfzählig with double perianth. The five often kronblattartigen sepals may be free or fused. The five petals are free, grown on a portion of its length or cup-shaped. Usually a cup-shaped disk is available. There is only one ( the outer) stamen circle with five fertile stamens present. The stamens are flattened. In each flower there are two or three upper constant to partially separate carpels, they can be grown or almost free. It is always formed a joint kopfige scar. A few to many ovules are almost basal or central angle constantly in two rows. It is usually a cup-shaped, intrastaminaler discus available.

Are formed follicles, berries, stone fruits or membranous capsule fruits. The spherical to ovoid wrong seeds have oily endosperm and a straight, green embryo.

Ingredients and chromosome numbers

There are accumulated calcium oxalate crystals. There are mostly alkaloids present. At proanthocyanidins there cyanidin; of flavonols kaempferol and quercetin there.

The basic chromosome number is n = 13

Dissemination

They thrive by the moderates latitudes to the tropics. From North America to Bolivia, Europe, East Asia and the Malay Archipelago, there are ways.

System

The position of the Staphyleaceae family has long been debated, for example, it was placed in the order of Sapindales ( Cronquist 1981, Takhtajan 1997). In APG III, this family is in the order of Crossosomatales.

The Staphyleaceae family was Ivan Ivanovich Martynov in 1820 TEKHNO -Bot. Slovar. , P 598 installed. Type genus is Staphylea L., whose botanical name from the Greek word for grape staphylé derived. A synonym for Staphyleaceae Martynov is Ochranthaceae A.Juss ..

To the family of Pimpernussgewächse ( Staphyleaceae ) include only two to five genera with about 45 to 60 species:

• Dalrympelea Roxb. ( Syn: Ochranthe Lindl. ): With 20 to 25 species from Japan to Papua New Guinea and India.
• Siebold & Zucc Euscaphis. With the only kind: Euscaphis japonica ( Thunb. ) Kanitz ( syn.. Sambucus japonica Thunb, Euodia chaffanjonii, H.Léveillé, Euscaphis chinensis Gagnepain, E. fukienensis Hsu, E. japonica var jianningensis QJWang, E. japonica var pubescens PLChiu & GRZhong, E. japonica var ternata Rehder, E. konishii Hayata, E. Sieb & Zucc staphyleoides, E. tonkinensis Gagnepain ): .. It is located in eastern Asia in China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

The two genera Huertea and Tapiscia the former subfamily Tapiscioideae no longer belong in this family but today make up the family Tapisciaceae and therefore do not belong in the same order.

Swell

• The Staphyleaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
• The Staphyleaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. (Section Description and ingredients )
• De - Zhu Li, Cai Jie Wen & June: Staphyleaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 11, 2008, p 498: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
• Y. Nasir: Staphyleaceae in the Flora of Pakistan online. ( Description section )