Sun Baoqi
Sun Baoqi; Chinese孙宝琦/孙宝琦, Pinyin Sun Bǎoqí, W.-G. Sun Pao -ch'i; ( Born April 26, 1867 in Hangzhou ( Zhejiang Province ); † February 3, 1931 ibid ) was an official government representatives both before and after the Chinese Revolution of 1911 to his duties included the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Chinese Empire and the Prime Minister of China. Republic. His style name was Mu -han (Chinese慕 韩, Pinyin Mù Hán )
Life and work
Sun was born as the eldest son of Sun Yijing, a tutor to the Emperor Xianfeng, the 9th Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. After a traditional Chinese education given the title Xiansheng先生was awarded (at the time an award for approved physicians, lawyers and respected teacher, later extended to " firstborn " and generally to male citizens Ehrbezeichnung ). He was related to the future Qing princes Yikuang through marriage. In 1886 he became a junior secretary of the Chinese Criminal Court, and retained the post until 1895. Though his nomination for a diplomatic mission abroad in 1898 is on record, the appeal was postponed due to the Boxer Rebellion. In 1902 he served as secretary of an embassy to Vienna, Berlin and Paris, and was then appointed ambassador to France. A post he took up in 1903 and offered the first Chinese exchange students, including the sons of high imperial dignitaries, the opportunity to accompany him to Europe. Sun came back to China in 1906 and became general secretary of the Great Council, which oversaw the ministries and the emperor was directly accountable. His task was, in particular, to reorganize the administrative system of the country. In 1907 he became ambassador for Germany. In January 1907 he was elected to the Board of the Railway Company Tianjin Pukow and received in June of the same year he was appointed governor of Shandong Province. Now he acted as advocates of a constitutional government. In 1910 he sat in the imperial authorities through the establishment of a Cabinet system. In 1911 he recognized in his province by the independence of the traditional rules of the Manchu dynasty, this had to be withdrawn and resign because of pressure by Yuan Shikai.
After the end of the Qing Dynasty in February 1912, Sun turned together with his brother, the Prince Imperial Yikunang, Prince Qing, the construction of a private company, but was soon appointed as Director General of the Customs Service in the new government.
On September 11, 1913 he entered the Cabinet of the Prime Minister Xiong Xiling and achieved spectacular success in the negotiations with Russia by which Russia the supremacy of China over Outer Mongolia, China and the autonomy of Outer Mongolia recognized. According to Xiong's resignation Sun led from the middle of February 1914 the Prime Minister, to Xu Shichang took office in May. In its cabinet Sun served as foreign minister until the Twenty-one Demands resigned in January 1915 in protest against Japan.
From now on, accompanied Sun despite its international competence mainly domestic items: In January 1916 he became director DERS Court and in April of Finance. In 1917, he was Director General of the Customs Service and in 1920 director of economic management. Then he put his organizational skills to the Office for famine relief, first as Chairman and then as Chief Executive Officer, is available and has held the post of deputy chairman of the Yangtze Commission. In January 1924 Sun took over for the second time for a short time, the Office of the Prime Minister, but resigned due to disagreements of Finance Wang Komin back in July. After his resignation, he refused several offices before giving a founded president of Hanyeping coal and steel cartel, which had fallen almost completely into the hands of Japanese investors after the revolution, and the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company ( 1872 in the Qing Dynasty " steamship company to secure Chinese interests in the operated by foreign companies freight and passenger business on Chinese rivers ).
For Director General of the Sino- French University, he was appointed to the educational exchange with the West at the beginning of the century in 1926, the basis of merit. As in 1928 reached the " Northern Expeditions" Beijing, he sat down in Dairen to rest. In 1929 he traveled to treat his chronic intestinal complaints to Hong Kong, 1930, he visited Shanghai and Hangzhou, but his disease worsened. He died on 3 February 1931.