Tabgach

The Tabgatsch ( in Chinese sources: Tuoba (拓拔or拓跋, Tuo bá ), formerly often T'o -pa transcribed ) were one of the most important tribal confederations that had emerged after the collapse of the Xiongnu Empire. After they had conquered large parts of northern China, called her name in the following years by the peoples of Central Asia, the whole of China, so in the runic inscriptions surviving from the Orkhon old Turkish form of the name Tavġaç ( 𐱃 𐰉 𐰍 𐰲 ) in Byzantine sources as at Theophylaktos Simokates: Taugast ( Ταυγὰστ ) or among the Arabs Tamġaǧ. The thing is so similar to the name of Cathay, which Marco Polo called China, which is derived from the Khitan, who ruled with her Liao Dynasty Northern China.

Around 260 reached the Tabgatsch in the north of Shanxi, north of the Great Wall, to power. 60 % of the strains were Turkish, 35 % were Mongolian, Tungus tribes were at least two and one strain was Indo-European. The core stem, so the stem, in whose hands lay the political power was Turkish.

The Power of Tabgatsch extended towards the end of the fourth century of Shanxi and Hebei to the Yellow River. Here they established the Northern Wei Dynasty. The rulers of the Tabgatsch were predominantly Buddhist.

History

The Tabgatsch are generally regarded as one of the subgroups of the Mongol -dominated Xianbei (consisting of Tuoba (拓跋, Tuo bá ), Yuwen (宇文, Yǔwén ) Qifu (乞 伏, Qǐfú ), Murong (慕容, Murong ) and Duan ( 段氏, Duanshi ) ) respectively.

315 founded Tuoba yilu (拓拔 猗 卢, Tuoba yilu ) Daiguo (代 国/代 国, Daiguo ), the realm of Tabgatsch, with its capital Shengle (盛 乐/盛 乐, Shengle ) north of the modern Hohhot. This kingdom is said to have a property with 119 different tribes, some of whom still lived nomadic.

The rise of the Tuoba Gui Tabgatsch founded (拓拔 珪, Tuoba Gui ) ( 386-409 ), who successively took away all the cities Murong clan of the Xianbei, his people, a fixed capital on the edge of the steppe in the north of Shanxi, in today's Datong City zuwies himself proclaimed emperor, and the Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏, by far ) established.

This Wei empire stretched across northern China, on the east of the present-day provinces of Gansu and Qinghai, and also today's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to the Yellow Sea.

The rulers of the 20 Tabgatsch ruled for 170 years over northern China. During this time, Wei participated in Chinese customs and were so sinicized.

But with the steady influx of Han Chinese into the dominion of the Tabgatsch the situation changed: the ruling class and impoverished slowly from 530 began a civil war -like conditions, which were exploited by the neighboring Göktürks.

Finally, the kingdom was divided into two kingdoms, which were at enmity with each other and were led by two generals: The Eastern Wei (东魏/东魏, Dong Wei) and the Western Wei (西魏, Xī Wei). They were followed by the Northern Qi Dynasty (北齐/北齐, For Qi ); it included the eastern part of the former Wei empire, during the Northern Zhou Dynasty (北周, described in Zhou ) comprised the West.

After 580, the kingdom of Tabgatsch went under and its territory status has been the Sui Dynasty incorporated.

The reign of Tabgatsch is generally divided into three phases:

• The time of the Northern Wei ( 385-532 )
• The time of the Eastern Wei ( 534-550 ) and the Western Wei ( 535-554 )
• The time of the Northern Qi Dynasty ( 550-577 ) and the Northern Zhou Dynasty ( 557-581 )

Hence the name " Tuoba - Wei" (拓跋 魏, Tuoba Wei) has become common for the period of Tabgatsch.