Talaiotic Culture

The talaiotic culture was a prehistoric culture from the 13th to the 2nd century BC in the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean. She is known by the numerous remains of the eponymous tower structures, the Talayots, especially on Mallorca and Menorca. According to her a cultural epoch of the islands was named the Talayotic. When Talayotic is a megalithic between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, characterized by tower and other buildings in megalithic construction.

The name

The name talaiot (Catalan ) and talayotic ( Castilian ) is derived from the Catalan word talaia for " observation and watchtower ", which has its origin in the Arabic atalaji for " guard ". The archaeologist Joan Ramis from Menorca coined from the term " talayotic culture."

History

In Mallorca, its sporadic encountered larger settlements are also Clapers de gegants (stone grounds of the giants) called. On the other hand, Menorca are the classic Talayots how she knows (round or square), relatively rare, or by removal of the stones already heavily decayed ( Torre d'en Galmés ) Mallorca.

Similar buildings were during the Talayotikums on Corsica, Sardinia, and Pantelleria. Therefore, some researchers suggest a link between the cultures at the time of the western Mediterranean. The thesis that the Talayotic on Mallorca and Menorca originated with the arrival of other peoples from the eastern Mediterranean, which ushered in the last section of the local history with altered designs and a new social and economic system is refuted today. In the culture of Talayotic is a largely self-contained, reproducible development of the Balearic Islands, with connections to other cultures are not excluded.

Chronology

The age of Talayotic is divided into four sections ( Talayotic I to IV), which cover the period from 1300 BC until the Roman conquest in 123 BC, where the first two and the last two of these time segments to each other have smaller differences. However, the talaiotic culture is not a culture suddenly formed, but had their precursors, which are referred to as pre- Talayotic. The following table gives an overview of the currently known historical sections of the cultural development of the islands to the Romanization of the Balearic Islands.

The time of Talayotic I, starting around 1300 BC, is characterized by the emergence of water reservoirs ( Sitjots ), underground tombs and solitary towers in megalithic construction, the so-called cyclopean technique. In Talayotic II, from about 1000 BC, were added walled enclosures of the settlements. From these two sections, the first period of Talayotic to about 800 BC finds from ordinary pottery, burial pottery, bronze weapons and tools and worked bone are known.

The section of the Talayotic III: it has held contacts with seafaring cultures from outside of the Balearic Islands, as the Greeks and Phoenicians, then the Carthaginians. In the soil layers, which are attributed to the years after 800 BC, was found in addition to ceramics and bronze figures and objects made ​​of lead and iron. Several findings suggest an incipient trade with the Carthaginians, the, founded around 654 BC a commercial establishment in Ibiza, Ebusim (Ibis ). The settlements received during this period mountings with a rectangular plan and hypostyle halls ( hypostyle halls ) and excavations can be concluded that a bull cult with cremation.

In Talayotic IV from around 500 BC have turned to the form of burial in fetal position ( in lime) over. Structurally created sanctuaries ( sanctuaries ) and the ceramics were replicas Carthaginian / Phoenician and Roman forms, which is called acculturation. The offensive weapons ( swords, knives, spearheads ) and the variety of tools grew in importance. The influence of other of Mediterranean civilization led to a gradual change of the local culture, which is evident not only in the finds former household appliances, but also the spiritual and artistic works, such as heroes and warriors icons ( small statues, known as the "Mars Balearicus ").

  • Based reconstruction of a naveta
  • Naveta " of Tudons " Menorca
  • Reconstruction of settlement
  • Main entrance settlement Ses Païsses / Arta
  • Talaiot under construction
  • Tower with polylithischer column
  • Talaiotic tower
  • Talayotic Mallorca

In the first millennium BC, round-oval enclosures of stone blocks were raised, the enclosed some complexes. This wall was built around existing Talayots. Examples are Capocorb Vell area of Llucmajor, S'Illot at Sant Llorenç des Cardassar, Ses Païsses at Arta and it Rossels in the area of Felanitx. In addition, dive specifically to Menorca new architectural elements. Columns and pilasters add here to downright Hypostyloi, which are often in Menorca in the environment of Talayots own built into the ground genus and possibly as a predecessor of Minorca Taulen ( Torralba d'en Salord ) are to be considered. However, the Minorcans also built some stone boxes as Alcaidús, Binidalinet, Montplè, Ses Roques Llises, Son Ferragut Nou and Son Ermita.

Prehistoric Locations

Mallorca (by region)

Palma

C'as Quitxero, Es Rafal, Son Sunyer

Es Pla

Campanari the Moros, Cas Canar, Es Baulenes, It Figuera de Son Real, Es Pou Celat, It Pujolet, It Racons, It Turassot, It Velar de Maria, Necropolis of Son Real, Sa Cova de sa Nineta, S'Illot of Porros, Son Bauló de Dalt, Son Coll Nou, Son Corró, Son Ferragut, Son Fornés, Son Fred, Son Homar, Son Marí, Son Perera Vell, Son Pou Vell, Son Serra de Marina, Son vispo

Llevant

Bellver Ric, Ca N Amer, Can Blai, Canyamel, It Boc Vell, Llucamar, Pol Na, Na Gatera, S'Illot, Puig Figuer, Pula, Sa Canova de Morell, Sa Gruta, Ses Païsses, S'Heretat, S ' Hospitalet Vell, Son Peretó

Migjorn

Capocorb Vell ( Capocorb d'en Jaquetó ) It Antigors, It Pedregar, It Rossells, It Velar de Son Herevet, Sa Talaia Grossa, Ses talaies de Can Jordi, Son Danús Vell, Son Noguera

Raiguer

It Picó, Can Peladet, Fideïcomis, S'Alcadena, S'Ermita, Son Sastre, Son Simó

Serra de Tramuntana

Alemany, Almallutx, Can Daniel Gran, Coma- sema, Coves de Sant Vicenç, Es Pujol, Les Arenes de Formentor, Llenaire Pedret, Sa Roca Roja, Ses Casotes, Son Ferrandell, Son Gallard, Son Mas, Son Oleza, Son Puig, Son Serralta

Menorca ( by town )

Mahon

Trepucó, Torello, Talatí de Dalt Sa Torreta, Binicalaf, Cornia, Llucmaçanet Vell, It Coster de s'Hort

Es Castell

Trebalúger, BINISSAIDA de sa Creueta

It Migjorn Gran

Sant Agustí Vell, Binicodrell Darrera

Ferreries

Binimassó

Sant Lluís

Biniparratxet Petit, Binissafullet

Alaior

Rafal Rubí, L'Argentina, Torralba d'en Salord, So na Caçana, Torre d'en Galmés, Sat Comerma, Torrelisà Vell, Son Rotger, Torralbenc Vell, Sant Vicenç d' Alcaidús, Na Patarra

Ciutadella

Llafuda Torre, Torre Trencada naveta of Tudons, Son Catlar, Bellaventura, Son Bernardí, Torre Vella d'en Lozano, Montefi

Cyclopean masonry Romanization (cultural) Iberians Hittites History of Carthage Bull (mythology) Knife Lance Taula Cist Palma, Majorca Es Migjorn Gran Naveta d'Es Tudons Leipzig
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