Types of megalithic monuments in northeastern Germany
The types of Mecklenburg megaliths were recently established by Ewald Schuldt in the course of a project to excavation of the Neolithic megaliths, which was carried out 1964-1972. You should allow a " subdivision and naming of the existing work in the area of objects." Here, a division of Ernst Sprockhoff was taken, which in turn leaned on an older Danish outline. Due to a time course also other border plants were examined in Brandenburg.
Types
Schuldt lists five types of megalithic tombs:
Besides occur in Mecklenburg -Vorpommern also numerous stone boxes, which Schuldt Although in his research that involved, but he was not one of the actual megalithic tombs because of their small size. Other researchers such as Hans -Jürgen Beier joined this distinction and expect the stone boxes to Submegalithik.
Geographical distribution of the objects
As part of a joint venture between the Institute of Prehistory and Early History of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, and the Museum of Prehistory and Early History Schwerin were excavated between 1965 and 1970 a total of 106 of 1145 detectable megalithic tombs and documented and classified the found graves. The figures show the numbers of different types for the three " GDR districts " on the territory of the former state of Mecklenburg Vorpommern including.
Using the different distributions of types divided Schuldt Mecklenburg later summarized in six neolithic type landscapes:
In the regions, only the Polygonaldolmen does not form a focus. He is a Danish- Swedish - schleswigisch appearance.
Due to the technical designs Schuldt concluded that the monuments were conducted under " the supervision of a specialist or specialist groups " ( Bautrupptheorie ).
Cultures
Ewald Schuldt assumes that the Mecklenburg megaliths were built by the makers of the Funnel Beaker culture. The oldest grave goods were unearthed in a Urdolmen at Barendorf ( circle Greve mills ), a collar bottle found was dated to the end of the Early Neolithic, with Ewald Schuldt believes that it is in the finding a Erstbestattung.
In 43 tombs burials of Kugelamphoren culture found (CEC ), most of which were dated to the Middle Neolithic younger. As in some graves these findings and those of the Funnel Beaker culture are not clearly separated, saith Schuldt not aware of burials. The CEC is found in a Urdolmen, in two large chambers in ten extended dolmen, passage tombs in 12 and in 17 Großdolmen.
Burials of single grave culture that occurred in the late Neolithic, found in two Urdolmen in five extended dolmen, in 12 Großdolmen and seven passage tombs. In addition, there were nine of finds the Havelländische culture (also called Elbe -Havel - group ) are attributable.
Ewald Schuldt states that the Funnel Beaker Culture and the Globular Amphora prepares an burials on the chamber board or a secondary hall and the graves backfilled. He concludes that there were close links between the builders of the megaliths, the TBK and members of the CEC. The burials of single grave culture, however, always made in the upper part of fill of the grave chamber and the access to the investment was made in the rule from above by force. It was therefore strangers who had no connection to the grave idea of builders of megaliths.
Material
In developing an architecture that corresponded to the meaning of the cult systems in building materials and design, the builders of the megaliths were only the raw materials of glacial deposits available. Through their selection and processing the plants originated. It was difficulties in the dissemination of raw materials to overcome in terms of their quality and quantity.
Bautrupptheorie
According to Friedrich Laux are different " building traditions " and " Bauschulen " behind this distribution image. Due to the technical designs Ewald Schuldt concluded in 1972 that the monuments were conducted under " the supervision of a specialist or specialist groups." Early on it was thought behind these graves a religious movement (JK Guardians 1841, p 9). This could be similar to Christianity in only 2000 years, in the course of more than 8000 years, split into different sects (VG Childe 1947, p 46). The characteristics of the plants could then be determined locally, the one does not exclude the other.