United Russia
United Russia (Russian Единая Россия, Rossiya transcription Yedinaya, other translations: United Russia, United Russia, United Russia) is the largest membership of any party in the Russian Federation. It has an absolute majority in the Russian parliament in which they support the policies of Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.
Substantive Profile
United Russia sees itself as a centrist party that followed Russia's national interests. She describes herself as " conservative." Within Russia, the party adopted a centralized program where the strengthening of the central political violence is of particular importance. This means you have to decay and weakening of the Russian Federation after the disintegration of the Soviet Union book successfully counteracted. The declared aims of the party are:
- Development of the economy
- Strong position of the state
- Improving the living conditions / social security
- Strengthening of the Russian army
- Control of the mass media
In some parts of the population and foreign, especially Western observers it is rather seen as a pure presidential party in support of the course of Vladimir Putin. Since you belong to the great majority of those in power in Russia, she is also regularly referred to as " official party " or " administration party". There is criticism that they do not have a real political program, but rather general items such as " for the good of the people" represent. In particular, the program point " control over the mass media " is very critical seen by Western observers of Russian politics, as the state and almost all private mass media are regarded as related parties, United Russia.
Internal structure
The party has in all regions and republics of the Russian Federation local organizations. With over two million members, it is the country with by far the largest party ..
The highest office in the party is the party chairman. The party chairman is elected at the party for four years.
The Supreme Council shall define the strategy for the development of the party. The Chairman of the Supreme Council is chaired by the party chairman.
The General Council has 152 members and is the most important party committee in the period between congresses. The General Council is made statements on important social and political issues.
The Presidium of the General Council has 23 members, and forwards the political work of the party. It is e.g. responsible for the preparation of the election program and other programmatic publications. The work of the Bureau is headed by the Secretary of the Bureau.
History of the Party
The party was on December 1, 2001 as a merger of the fractions unit ( Edinstvo ) by Sergei Shoigu, and Fatherland - All Russia ( Otetschestwo - wsja Rossiya ) of Yuri Luzhkov and Mintimer Schäimijew founded, in turn, both in 1999, partly made up of former members the government -supporting party of the 1990s in Russia, Our House Russia have emerged.
First Party chairman was the President of the Duma, Boris Gryzlov. Several ministers of the incumbent Russian government are members of United Russia. During the presidential campaign in 2003, the party Vladimir Putin supported.
From the parliamentary election in 2003 the party went with 37.6 % of the votes and became the strongest force. After the elections went beyond in a number of independent candidates and representatives of other parties of the Group, so that United Russia finally had 305 of 450 seats and thus a two-thirds majority in Parliament.
In the parliamentary elections of 2007, the party won 63.5 % of the vote and 315 of the 450 seats of the State Duma. Thus, the party had a constitutional two-thirds majority. Was led Evaluation of President Vladimir Putin, who is not a member of the United Russia party itself.
In the 2011 general election, the party won 49.3 % of the vote and no longer has a two-thirds majority, however, reserves the absolute majority.
Member of the Bundestag Christian Kleiminger (SPD ), who observed as a member of the delegation of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ( OSCE PA ), the Parliamentary Assembly of the choice of this designated subsequently having regard to the economic and human superiority of "United Russia" as unfair. The opposition had no real opportunities.
On 15 April 2008, Vladimir Putin was elected party chairman. Since Putin was not a member of United Russia and also was not ready to join the party, before the statute was amended accordingly. Putin will chair on May 7.
At the 12th Party Congress of United Russia, which took place on 24 August 2011, Dmitry Medvedev was nominated as a top candidate for the 2011 general election. He took over the post of prime minister, which Putin had held since 2008. Party leader Vladimir Putin stepped in return to in the presidential election in Russia in 2012 and was again president.
26 May 2012 Dmitry Medvedev was elected on the proposal of Vladimir Putin as President of the Party. Due to alleged fraud in the parliamentary election in December 2011, which led to the largest protests in recent history of the country, United Russia is by portions of the population also referred to as the " party of crooks and thieves ". Putin himself is not a party member. According to expert opinions, Putin wants to distance itself from the bad reputation of the party.
International Cooperation
At international level, cooperating "United Russia" with the following parties:
- Serbia Srpska Napredna Stranka
- Ukraine Party of Regions
- Azerbaijan New Azerbaijan
- Kazakhstan Nur Otan
- Kyrgyzstan Ar - Namys
- Mongolia Mongolian People's Party
- People's Republic of China Communist Party of China ( since 26 May 2012)
- India Indian National Congress ( since 26 May 2012)
Members
Membership structure
The membership structure of the United Russia party is made up as follows:
- 26 % retired, students and working professionals temporarily not
- 21.2 % of working poor in the education sector
- 20.9% employed in industry
- 13.2 % of employment in the public service or in government institutions
- 8 % of working in the medical field
- 4% of entrepreneurs, professionals and artists
Prominent members
- Sergei Bezrukov (actor and People's Artist of Russia )
- Georgy Boos ( former Governor of the Kaliningrad Oblast )
- Boris Gryzlov (former party chairman and chairman of the Duma )
- Andrei Arshavin ( football player of Zenit St Petersburg)
- Yuri Luzhkov ( former Mayor of Moscow) - resigned September 29, 2010
- Sergei Shoigu ( Vice-Chairman and Secretary of Defense )
- Valentina Tereshkova (first woman in space )
- Nikolai Valuev ( former professional boxer )
- Anna Chapman ( former Russian agent )
- Alexander Povetkin ( professional boxer )
- Anatoly Karpov Jewgenjewitsch (Chess Grandmaster )
- Alsou (singer and actress)
- Alexander Bortnikov ( head of the Russian Federal Security Service FSB)
- Stanislav Govorukhin ( film director and politician)
- Fyodor Jemeljanenko ( Sambo and MMA fighter)
- Alina Kabaeva ( athlete, Olympic champion in rhythmic gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics )
- Ramzan Kadyrov ( politician and since May 2007, the head of the Russian republic of Chechnya)
- Alexander Karelin ( wrestler, Olympic champion 1988, 1992 and 1996)
- Yuri Kuzenko (actor)
- Alexander Rosenbaum ( chanson singer)
- Anton Sikharulidze ( figure skaters, Olympic champion 2002)
- Sergei Sobyanin ( lawyer and politician, mayor of Moscow since 2010)
- Alexander Kharitonov ( Hockey Players)