University of Fulda
The Adolphus University of Fulda (also: Alma Mater Adolphiana ) was a university founded in 1734 by Prince Abbot Adolph von Dalberg in Fulda. With this, the seat of the Bishopric of Fulda became a university town. In the course of secularization, the University was dissolved in 1805.
As the successor to the Faculty of Theology Fulda was continued. Which was launched in 1974 in Fulda Fulda University is today a state college resident.
History
With the human and structural development went in the 9th century, the rise of the monastery of Fulda into a cultural center associated with which can be " no other school of Germania " compare. Rabanus Maurus abbot under a large monastery library was created and the convent school became one of the most renowned associated with names such as Otfried of White Castle, Walafried Strabo or Rudolf of Fulda in the Frankish kingdom.
During the tenure of Fürstabts Balthasar Dernbachs a Jesuit high school was 1571/1572 in Fulda opened and counted 400 students soon. During the 17th century philosophical and theological professorships were established. The formation operation of the Jesuits in Fulda by Pope Gregory XIII. strengthened by he built in 1584 a Papal seminar. The Foundation secured a broad geographic catchment area of the students.
Establishment of the University
Pope Clement XII. had already promised papal privileges in a papal bull from 1 July 1732 Fuldae Academia universalis. To further promote the cultivation of the sciences, has also Emperor Charles VI. confirmed at the request of Adolph von Dalberg on March 13, 1733 the establishment of a university in Fulda and lent her imperial privileges.
Adolph von Dalberg had been able to prove that in Fulda Abbot Baugulfs and the privileging of the convent school by Emperor Charlemagne, the cultivation of the sciences has been operated since that time. It should now be built a new university on the ruins of the old convent school of Fulda. Charles VI. had the abbot and his successors assured control of the university and its professors, doctors, students and the teaching content; just as he had at the University of Fulda let all those privileges come, as they had the other German universities.
According to the plans of the court architect Andreas Gallasini let Dalberg 1731-1734 a baroque building university building. On September 19, 1734, the Adolph University was inaugurated under the bishop, the whole clergy and secular authorities to personal involvement. To the Rector Magnificentissimus Bishop Adolph was chosen by the professors. Vice-Rector was provost Freiherr von Kötschan. The inauguration of Adolph donated a medallion that was distributed in gold, silver, and bronze reductions among those present.
1734-1805
In the period of the Seven Years War, the university buildings were successively occupied by the French, imperial troops, Hanoverians and Prussians and used as magazines, stables or lazarette. After Hubertusburg 1763 Peace undertook Bishop Heinrich von Bibra restoring the teaching activities of the Adolphiana. However, from then on remained the desired development without success.
Repeal and successor institutions
After the secularization of the university were resolved in 1805 by Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince of Orange- Nassau. The scientific training of the students of the Fulda Seminary then the College of Theology of the Pontifical Seminary was established in the Faculty of Theology Fulda emerged.
University buildings
The three-winged Baroque university building was built in 1731-1734 according to the plans of the court architect Andreas Gallasini. Where the university was erföffnet On September 19, 1734.
Built in 1773 high school was as princely on September 22, 1804 based academic lyceum and gymnasium continue in the university buildings. Starting from 1835 there was a humanistic Gymnasium in electoral sponsorship, royal and 1918 state since 1866. 1945 was named the state Domgymnasium and since 1948, Rabanus Maurus school is called. 1968 the school moved from the building of the former University of Fulda in the city center to a new building in the school district.
The Hall of the Old University ( oratorio marianum, Mary's Chapel ) was from 1803 to 1902 and again used by the Bombenzerstörug of Christ Church from 1946 to 1949 as a Protestant church.
The former University building now houses the Adolf von Dalberg Elementary School.
The University Square is named after the eastern section of the square building.
Faculties
The Adolphus University of Fulda was divided into four faculties ( departments ):
In theology the chairs are initially both by Jesuits - been busy as well as scholars of the Benedictine order - until the abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773.
Students
During the 71 years of its existence, the university had about 4100 students. Of these, 935 came from the city of Fulda, about 400 out of the territory of the subsequent circuits Fulda and Hünfeld. Most foreign students came mainly from Franconia, Nassau and Westphalia or from the main hiss enclaves in Hesse and Thuringia. The average annual number of new enrollments expected at 65 and the average number of listeners have located at 143. According to statements made by the Emperor Charles VI. should the doctors and professors examine the students according to the statutes enacted by the abbots before the colleges of the faculties. After successful testing, they received the title of Bakkalaureaten, Magisters, licentiate or doctors; as a sign of their academic dignity them a biretta was given, and they were dressed in their regalia. The at the University of Fulda PhD graduates had the right to teach everywhere in the kingdom as professors and to examine.
While according to the output statutes Prince Abbot Adolphs non-Catholic students were not authorized to study at the University of Fulda, helped statutes reform in 1777 under Prince-Bishop Heinrich von Bibra Protestants studying and acquiring academic degrees in all institutions of the University with the exception of the Faculty of Theology.
Famous people
Taught at the University of Fulda or studying, among other things:
- Amand von Buseck (1685-1756), Prince-Abbot and first Prince-Bishop of Fulda, director of the University of Fulda ( 1736)
- Anselm Erb (1688-1767), Prof. Dr. jur. can., to 1740, professor of canon law in Fulda, 53rd abbot of the imperial abbey Ottobeuren
- Heinrich von Bibra (1711-1788), Prince-Bishop and Abbot of Fulda, studying law at the University of Fulda
- Isidore Keppler (1715-1792), Roman Catholic theology professor
- Charles of Piesport (1716-1800), Prof. Dr. theol., Theologian and philosopher, Benedictine
- Sturmius Bruns (1749-1779), Prof. Dr. theol., Professor linguarum Orientalium (1773 ) and Professor and Doctor of Theology (1774 )
- Siegmund von Bibra (1750-1803), theologian and writer
- Benedict Herrlein Balthasar (1750-1809), Prof. Dr. phil., Catholic priest and poet
- John of Reibelt (* 1752), Dr. theol., Canons
- Thomas Christian Tychsen (1758-1834), of Evangelical Lutheran theologian and orientalist
- Friedrich Münter (1761-1830), Prof. Dr. theol., Theologian, scholar and bishop
- Ferdinand August von Spiegel (1764-1835), was from 1824 to 1835 Archbishop of Cologne, studied theology, philosophy and law in Fulda
- Giovanni Antonio Marcacci (1769-1854), Dr. jur, came from Locarno (Ticino, Switzerland ), studied from 1789 jurisprudence in Fulda, Swiss politician and diplomat
- Anton Thomas (1778-1837), professor and then Mayor of Fulda