University of Padua

Template: Infobox university / professors missing

The University of Padua (Italian Università degli Studi di Padova, Latin Universitas Studii Paduani ) is one of the most prestigious universities in Italy. It is located in the northeastern Italian city of Padua, was established in 1222. It is thus one of the oldest universities in Europe and Bologna and Modena, the third oldest university in Italy.

History

Origins and Development of the University

Little is known of the origin of college because they did not develop as a result of a special imperial or papal privilege. Ancient documents indicate as the founding year 1222, because since this year is a publicly recognized and resistant university structure will be certified. Before that, it already was, however, church schools that were members bishoprics and monasteries, where the canonical law and theology were taught. In addition, private schools existed for the study of the liberal arts and in the 12th century, numerous legal and notary schools.

The Bishop Giordano and the reeve Giovanni Rusca granted professors and students who had left the University of Bologna due to differences in 1222 refuge. The University of Padua owes its foundation and the closure of the school of Vicenza in 1209, as various scholars had migrated from this. Thanks to the liberality of the city, the wealth and the open-mindedness of the citizens, the university strengthened very quickly.

Further impetus was given by the University of the Dominican Order, who settled four years after its founding in Padua. The university was disabled but by the rule of Ezzelino da Romano from 1237 to 1256, albeit only slightly. After this had been expelled, the university flourished anew. This was due to disputes in the University of Bologna, Padua which secured a new influx of doctores and students. Despite the attempt of Pope Nicholas the Fourth of excommunication and prohibitions of Henry the VII of the city could not take their university. Main catchment area of the institution was in Italy, but also over the Alps came very many students.

The structure of the University

The University was constituted as " Universitas scholarium ", a free body of students, which was directed by their own laws and were governed independently. The city of Padua made ​​every effort to protect the University to respect their autonomy and to encourage the students feed.

The students were combined in a common body. Regardless of their degree program, they were divided by ethnic and geographic criteria in " Nationes ", which differed in two major groups: the Cismontanes (Italian ) and the Ultra Montanes ( foreigners). The two groups were governed by one or two rectors, who were elected each year by the students.

At the University, which owes its origins legal scholars, remained legal knowledge long the main compartment, also known as the liberal arts began to establish itself. The students of the liberal arts were under the inguinal University and had no right to have its own representation. The study of law and the related academic title enjoyed a higher reputation.

The emergence of " Universitas artistarum "

The students and faculty of the fields of medicine, philosophy, literature, grammar, and rhetoric insisted on equality. That is why they joined together as a separate entity. The 1360 Bishop Pietro di Prata Pileo initiated cleavage was completed by 1399 da Carrara mediation Francesco II. From now on, there were two universities: the Universitas iuristarum and the Universitas artistarum, each with its own principal, its own statutes and the privilege of their own authority.

On June 25, 1678 Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia was awarded a doctorate in philosophy, the first woman ever.

The rectors and other representatives of the University

The rectors of the University enjoyed great prestige and had, for example, even the privilege of jurisdiction over the students. The professors stayed on discipline and had the right teaching. Together with the rector had four citizens of the city overall supervision and controlled the development of the University.

The best-known teachers of the 13th and 14th century

In the first two centuries, especially teachers of civil law enjoyed a high reputation, including Alberto Galeotti, Guido da Suzzara, Jacopo d' Arena and Riccardo Malombra. In the fields of medicine and philosophy made ​​it especially Pietro d' Abano to get to fame. Marsilio da Padova was the medical-scientific tendencies an existing yet for a long time pulse.

15th and 16th centuries

During this time the University of Padua reüssierte the leading center in medicine. It taught there Vesalius, Montanus, Falloppius and Fabrizio. Many foreign students came at this time to Padua to study medicine. Including Pieter van Foreest ( Forestus ) ( 1522-97 ) and de Bondt Geraert ( Bontius ) ( 1536-99 ), the first professors of medicine at Leiden and Thomas Linacre (founder of the Royal College of Physicians of London) and John Caius, founder of the Caius College, Cambridge.

Reforms at the University of

1517, the university was structurally subjected to a reorganization. The Venetian Senate replaced the Civic Council of Trattatori, who had monitored until then, the university, through the Riformatori dello Studio di Padova, which were composed of three every two years among the most respected experts in selected public issues patricians. The Council provided a detachment from the city and left the University a central role in the state of Venice come. They went towards the students with the greatest tolerance before, so also in matters of religion and cleared the lecturers teaching the greatest possible freedom, so that the University could result in the mandatory motto Universa universis Patavina libertas with law. One of the first rectors after the reorganization was Gerolamo Cardano in 1524.

Galileo Galilei

As the successor of Giuseppe Moletti on the chair ad mathematicam 1592 Galileo Galilei came to Padua. He remained there eighteen years and published just before leaving the city's first series of his great astronomical discoveries, which should bring the true workings of our universe to light. In the development of scientific thought and the history of the University of Padua Galileo occupies a crucial place.

The first signs of decay

In the last decades of the 17th century and in the following years, the large number of foreign students increased sharply. If scientific advances continue to have also been made in Padua and even the reputation of the university remained unchanged, showed towards the end of the 17th century weaknesses, which intensified in the 18th century. The university as an official School of the Serenissima had its greatest importance in the heyday of the Venetian Republic and lost in parallel with the increasing loss of Venice political influence a privileged position in relation to other European universities. The study Patavinum could not keep up with the increasing advancement in the sciences step. To make the university attractive again, it was mainly to abolish the outdated teaching methods.

Beginning of the decentralization

The Palazzo del Bo was not sufficient to accommodate all schools, even though he was constantly extended by extensions. This resulted in a necessary decentralization of scientific institutions. They reached a favorable distribution that allowed to enable the realignment of the old central building. In 1872, the schools of human and veterinary medicine settled into the the former monastery S.Mattia rooms. 1890, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Obstetrics Clinic in buildings were housed at the Municipal Hospital. They were followed in 1899 the Department of Pediatrics, during 1893, the School of Engineering received their new place in the Palazzo Cavalli at the Porte Contarini.

The " Nationes " the students

Faculties

• Agricultural Sciences
• Pharmacy
• Law
• Arts and Humanities
• Human Medicine
• Veterinary Medicine
• Psychology
• Education
• Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences
• Political Science
• Statistics
• Engineering
• Economics

Personalities and alumni

• January Zamoyski (1542-1605), youngest headmaster at age 21
• Ludwig Arduino (1759-1833), professor
• Matteo Bellina ( b. 1979 ), lawyer
• Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927), philosopher and experimental psychologist
• Thomas Browne (1605-1682) physician, philosopher and poet
• Vikentios Damodos (1700-1752) Greek philosopher of the Enlightenment
• William of Efferen (1563-1616), Bishop of Worms
• Tullio Levi -Civita (1873-1941), mathematician
• Antonio Negri ( born 1933), political scientist
• Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopoli (1655-1740) canon lawyer and historian
• Carl Porenta (1814-1898), Slovenian lawyer and politician