Yamna culture
The Yamnaya culture ( according to Russian / Ukrainian яма, mine '; Ямная Культура, German pit grave or ocher grave culture, English Pit -Grave culture ) is an Eastern European archaeological culture of the late copper age / early Bronze Age in the area around the rivers Bug / Dniester / Ural in the Pontic steppe. It is dated to about 3600-2300 BC.
Genesis / genesis
The culture was created under the influence of the West Siberian hillside grave culture. Parzinger believes in the genesis of " various regional groups " of the Copper Age.
Propagation and identity
Marija Gimbutas identified the Yamnaya culture at its Kurgan hypothesis with the candidates for the original homeland of the Indo-European languages , along with the front of it Sredny - Stog culture on the middle Dnieper and the Chwalynsk culture of the middle Volga. This view follows David W. Antony (eg, passim ) with u az example of the argument of linguistically proven long-lasting contacts with the Indo-European Uralic languages from the earliest stages.
In the West, it was followed by the Katakombengrab culture, in the east the Poltavka culture and the Srubna culture.
Settlement patterns and economic
The culture was essentially nomadic, with sporadic agriculture, which was operated in the vicinity of rivers and some hill forts.
The settlements of Michailovka (II and III ) have pit houses.
Burials
For the culture kurgans are characteristic in which the dead man was buried in a supine position with knees drawn up. The bodies were covered with ocher. Such kurgans often contain burials.
In the tombs bones of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and horses have been found that indicate the custom of dowry of meat for the afterlife. This custom was also in later Indo-European tribes, such as the Indoiranern exercised. Even early remains of more than 100 cars ( eg, in " Storoschowa Mohyla " Kurgan Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, excavated by AI Trenoschkin ), the Yamnaya culture are attributed. However, older in the region Radfunde the Maikop culture.
Religion
The recently (as of 2014) discovered a place of sacrifice of Luhansk was described as hill shrine for sacrifice of people.