Uivar
Uivar ( German Neuburg an der Bega, also Uiwar, Hungarian Újvár ) is a municipality in Timiş, Banat, Romania. At the administrative center Uivar includes the villages Pustiniş, RAUTI and Sânmartinu Maghiar.
Location
Uivar is located in the Banat Plain, on the border with Serbia, along the national road DN 58, 42 kilometers from Timisoara ( Timisoara ) and 30 kilometers from Jimbolia ( Hatzfeld ). The place is located 83 meters above sea level. The Begakanal boundary with the village in the southeast, in the north of the Timişaţ flows.
Neighboring towns
Archaeological finds
At the edge of Uivar there is a settlement mound, which is dated to the late Neolithic Vinča culture, and in the early Copper Age of Tiszapolgár culture. Through a series of experiments with the C14 method was the youngest Late Neolithic Bauhorizont between 4940 - 4800 are BC. In addition, the remains of the Bronze Age, the early Iron Age, the Middle Ages and the early modern period have been found. The exploration of the mound of Uivar that is created as a German - Romanian cooperation project between the Muzeul Banatului in Timişoara and the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Berlin, began in 1998. Since 1999 is dug regularly during the summer months there.
The aim of the project is to explore the emergence, development and decline of a Late Neolithic Tellsiedlung multidisciplinary. In addition to the archaeological investigations will geomorphological, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyzes provide vital information on environment and economy.
Etymology
Originally, the city bore the Hungarian name Újvár ( German Neuburg ). At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, the village official name Torontal Újvár, named after the former county Torontal in the Kingdom of Hungary.
After the Treaty of Trianon in 1919 the town was annexed to Yugoslavia and received the Serbian name Novo Selo ( German New Village ).
As a result of a boundary correction on January 24, 1924, the town was annexed to Romania. After the Romanian spelling of the place now called Uivar and the train station Cetăţuia. The residents, however, called their place Neuburg, so that was used at Bega in the Banat the name Neuburg.
History
Uivar was first mentioned in writing in 1767, when the first colonization took place with German and Hungarian settlers. The village was established by internal migration. The first two settlement attempts failed, however, failed because of recurrent floods.
1811 started Graf von Buttler a new attempt to locate the place with 21 German families. They built dams and dug ditches to drain the water and so became more and more dry land. The flood of 1861 Begakanals taught at great damage. In the following years the Uiwarer had a lot to contend with the flooding. In 1887 a ring dam was built around the village. He was supposed to protect the town from flooding.
Between 1814 and 1844, the municipality Uiwar possessed a house of prayer. In 1844, the first Catholic church was built and in 1904 the present church was built. Carl Leopold Wegenstein from Timisoara provided the organ.
1894 a standard gauge railway line from Hatzfeld on Uiwar and Modosch was opened after Großbetschkerek, today this ends in Ionel. In the same year the Uiwarer weekly market was introduced, it has developed over the years into the largest trading hub of the area.
On 4 June 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon. The largest, eastern part, which also Uivar belonged, fell to Romania.
Due to the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany all ethnic German conscript men were drafted into the German army. Even before the war, in January 1945, the deportation of all ethnic German women took place between 18 and 30 years and men aged 16-45 years to build labor in the Soviet Union instead. The land reform law of 23 March 1945 which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, the rural population deprived the livelihood.
As the population along the Romanian- Yugoslav border of the Romanian governance after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion was classified from the Cominform alliance as a security risk, took place on 18 June 1951, the deportation " of politically unzuverlässlichen elements " in the Bărăgan - steppe, regardless of ethnicity. Romanian leadership aimed at the same time to break the onset of resistance to the upcoming collectivization of agriculture. Bărăganverschleppten When returning home in 1956, they received the 1945 expropriated houses and farms refunded. possession of the field, however, was collectivized.
Economy
In 1861 the post office was opened in Uivar. At the same time a ferry across the Begakanal was established. The trade and commerce has brought them a big boost.
Agriculture is the main industry in the town. There are primarily grown wheat, corn, barley, sunflower, canola, alfalfa, sugar beet and fodder beet. Nine-tenths of the agricultural land is used as arable land, the rest for orchards and vineyards as well as pasture.