2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The UN Climate Change Conference in Warsaw 2013 ( United Nations Framework Convention english on Climate Change 19th Conference of the Parties, COP 19 short ) took place in 19th UN Climate Change Conference from November 11 to 23, 2013. She was also the ninth session under the Kyoto Protocol (english 9th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, short CMP 9 ) Following the UN Climate Change Conference in Poznan, Poland in 2008 and COP 15 in Copenhagen in 2009 was the world Climate Conference once again in the EU instead: in Warsaw, the capital of the Republic of Poland. It will serve the continuation of negotiations on a global climate treaty.
The Bureau formed the UNFCCC Secretary General Christiana Figueres, and the Polish Environment Minister Marcin Korolec, who took over the presidency from the first day of the conference for one year.
- 2.1 border controls
- 2.2 Opening of the World Climate Conference
- 2.3 First Week
Events and positions in the run-up to COP -19
During the year 2013 a number of preparatory meetings were held in Bonn at the seat of the UNFCCC Secretariat.
Petersberg Climate Dialogue
Even the so-called Petersberg Climate Dialogue IV (English: Petersberg Climate Dialogue ) on 6 and 7 May 2013 for Axica Convention Centre Berlin brought as an informal conference outside the official UNFCCC meeting, environment ministers from all regions of the world together. Under the theme "Shaping the future" ( Shaping the Future ) opened Chancellor Merkel the conference together with Peter Altmaier and the Polish Environment Minister Korolec. The focus of the conference was, according to the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU ), the path to an ambitious, effective and fair climate change agreement among all states active participation.
In her keynote speech, Merkel stressed the need for setting up the Green Climate Fund ( Capacity building for renewable energy and adaptation to climate change ), the contribution already made in Germany, and the EU's leading role in the reduction targets for greenhouse gases. For Climate Justice Merkel said: " We know it 's about the two-degree target. We know at some point, how many CO2 emissions that means in relation to a particular year. We basically know that the long term if we look at the world's population, each inhabitant of this earth should emit about two tons of CO2. " An allied nation is India and I have accepted this as a fair approach. But you have to be honest, neither the Europeans nor the Americans nor China are very excited about it. For they all would have been over two tons of carbon dioxide emissions per capita. "And that basically means you should already begin to reduce. We accept das. industrialized countries, but a country like China says: Look once to me, how many decades you your CO2 emissions have increased; since we can not reduce start already at our economic level yet. - So you see, in what a great job we are. "
Before delegates from states that taken together are responsible for 80 percent of greenhouse gases, they continued to demand a transfer to the countries that have not already participate in the benefits of industrialization. " So we have to operate technology development, so are not opposites for these countries, the growth of prosperity, tackling climate change and social concerns. " During the discussion questions were asked after the unwinding of global subsidies for fossil fuels. The results of the dialogue are to be introduced directly into the UN negotiations. An early discussion deepen the understanding of the various options for an international climate agreement and facilitates consensus-building. With strategies for involving the public ways should be sought, as all stakeholders from the private sector and civil society incentives are given to mitzutragen political decisions for more climate protection and even greater contribution to climate protection. The public part of the climate dialogue could be followed directly with a live stream. The first meeting of the Climate Dialogue in 2010, was originally held at the Petersberg near Bonn. On the initiative of Angela Merkel, the high-density UNFCC Climate Change Conference should be supplemented in order to get to the little met expectations at the summit in Copenhagen in 2009 to a more continuous negotiation process.
More statements
" We need to be prepared for nine billion people on this planet, as we all deserve a decent and secure life. By being creative, the world can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while creating jobs, promo ting economic growth and better living standards Ensuring. Where there is a will, there is a way! "
"We must prepare ourselves for nine billion people on this planet, because we all deserve decent and safe living conditions. If we are creative, then the world can simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs, promote economic growth and ensure better living conditions. Where there's a will, there 's a way! "
The Environment Committee of the European Parliament has submitted a proposal to the Parliament for a UN conference on climate and climate policy on 16 October 2013. It includes 20 detailed background information on the COP 19 listed; 27 lines of argument for the justification of the proposed 68 single claims and specifications can be found in the application linked text in German. The text is particularly suitable for substantive consolidation because it is translated into all official EU languages. The resolution was adopted on 23 October in the European Parliament.
Reconstruction of the National Stadium
The playing surface of the stadium Narodowy w Warszawie was converted into a conference center prior to the conference.
UNFCCC-COP19/CMP9-Transparent
Walkway at the National Stadium in 2013
The interior of the COP -19 conference center
Conference History
Border controls
Because of the UN Climate Change Conference leads Poland 8 to 23 November 2013 temporarily border controls. The border crossing at the German -Polish border is possible only at certain crossing points. After former Polish Information 43 border crossings to and from Germany are affected.
Opening of the World Climate Conference
Also in the opening speeches on November 11, the catastrophic typhoon in the Philippines was brought up, so of UNFCCC Secretary General Christiana Figueres. Marcin Korolec spoke of a wake-up call, because this is a further confirmation, "that we lose in the unequal struggle between man and nature " [ could ]. Climate as a common theme, as a global problem, of course, was also a chance if we demonstrate the ability to act together ( "to act together" ).
Christiana Figueres urged the delegates to goal-oriented and maximum use over the whole distance of the next few days, to achieve a positive result, because what would happen in this stadium was not a game. The conference Stadium was the place to go for the Olympic motto Citius, Altius, Fortius to faster, higher and stronger to go to the conference to a socially equalizing and economically sustainable future that we want and have needed.
First Week
On Friday of the first week of the conference, Japan has tilted his previous climate goals: The plan target the previous government in 2009, CO2 emissions reduction by 25 per cent below the 1990 (base year ), was the head of the Japanese delegation Hiroshi Minami (南 博) for the Fukushima nuclear disaster declared obsolete. By 2020, 3.8% less CO2 to be emitted than in 2005 according to the energy planning of the new government now, which would mean an increase of 3% compared to 1990. However, the Prime Minister continue to imagine the challenges of climate change. The goal is to reduce 80 percent of greenhouse gases by 2050 remains. Inga Romans, climate expert at the BUND, called the Japanese announcement a slap in the face of climate victims. Regarding the tax base have Brazil and China (two BASIC countries) submitted an application to count in national greenhouse gas reduction targets the historical amounts as responsibility industrialized countries, which looked at the European delegation as an additional difficulty for an agreement. For climate finance, however, a partial decision is expected to loss and damage ("" damages and losses " ) in negotiating circles, compensation for losses and consequences of climate change, especially for the Small Iceland Developing States. Half of the summit, however, many observers had to fight the resignation; President Korolec called for late night a " stocktaking plenary ", a round in which the negotiators had to explain the working groups, why the negotiations are stalled. Emergency should be up to the Sunday negotiated in, and there on the Monday of the second week of negotiations UN Secretary-General Ban Ki -moon and the relevant ministers of the 194 participating countries were expected.
Second week
- Parallel coal summit on Monday night speech with the UNFCCC Secretary General
- Protests of environmentalists
- Speeches and articles written by prominent summit guests
- Advice of draft resolutions submitted
On Wednesday, the Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk dismissed his Environment Minister, but Marcin Korolec remained Chairman of the climate summit. In the extensive reshuffle he put the economists Maciej Grabowski in his place, who had just made strong only for shale gas production. The German Federal Environment Minister Peter Altmaier also called on Wednesday in a speech by the developing countries to do more themselves; at the same time he said to a 30 million euro aid for the Adaptation Fund, the UN Adaptation Fund. He also reiterated the German climate protection goals. 40 percent less greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, 55 % by 2030 and 80 to 95 % by 2050 [ base 1990 ]
The major environmental and development organizations attracted the first time in the history of world climate summit on Thursday ahead of the conference center of the COP19 - even out of solidarity with the victims of climate change. Kumi Naidoo announced, " build pressure on our governments [ to ], so that it finally comes out next year to good results. " Together with civil society to follow-up conference in Lima in 2014, the Chief Negotiator of the German delegation, State Secretary Ursula Heinen- Esser admitted to this time, that there was no point of no contentious issues.
On Friday evening - the official end of the conference - the negotiations themselves the schedule to the climate summit in Paris in 2015 were extended, was missing. Could Announce summit President Korolec after all, the rescue of the adaptation funds by the Europeans, because in addition to Germany, including Belgium, France, Finland, Norway, Austria, Sweden and Switzerland pledged funds totaling 100 million U.S. dollars.
Criticism and discourses to COP 19
Even the selection of the conference the country had been criticized at the last climate summit in Qatar. Environmental groups saw the coal- friendly policies of Poland in the previous year very problematic, the position with regard to environmental damage if fracking. In addition, the EU's environmental and climate objectives had been blocked prior to the Summit of Poland.
Among the most affected by climate change, Global Weirding, and ocean acidification by CO ₂ smaller states so far totally inadequate or missing concrete reduction commitments of the biggest greenhouse gas producers are called for. In particular, the representatives of the Philippines expressed very affected by the devastating cyclone Yolanda given the damage to their home country.
The Philippine delegates Naderev M. Sano announced in an emotional speech on the first day of the conference, in which he addressed the catastrophic effects of Typhoon Haiyan, on a hunger strike. He would fast until a major agreement had been reached. In consequence, more participants in the Climate Change Conference joined the hunger strike, including the American delegate Collin Reese, as well as 60 members of the Organization Climate Action Network.
In parallel with the UNFCCC climate conference takes place in Poland, a carbon peaks of the " World Coal Association " in Warsaw on 18 and 19 November, which is why the Conference of critics has also been referred to as " Coal - COP ". In addition to the Polish Minister of Economy Janusz Piechociński the UNFCCC Secretary General was provided as a speaker that was disapproved in conference circles and in the media. Chief Executive Milton Catelin of the World Coal Association, however, supported the conclusion of the UNFCCC Convention: WCA recognize the global challenge of climate change and the international consensus on the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Negatively associated with the climate summit also several individual decisions of the Parties as well as China's announcement, nine large coal-fired plants for synthetic natural gas in northwest China and Mongolia were counted to build, so that the polluted mega-cities on the east coast of China would be cleaner. With the previous planning coal would be transported back by rail to the back and syngas SNG plants, with the burden on the climate would be seven times higher than conventional gas power plants, which is considered in the Thai press as counterproductive for the climate negotiations.
Even before the climate conference demonstrated Greenpeace environmentalists six Polish coal-fired power plants. "Climate change starts here ," she warned. The Polish hosts refer 90 percent of electricity from coal-fired power plants, but 70 percent of Poles would give preference to renewable energy, an on Tuesday mentioned in the Greenpeace magazine survey. At the beginning of the conference, the Strategy Director of the expressed " Union of Concerned Scientists " ( Union of Concerned Scientists ) Alden Meyer very skeptical because never been so much at stake, while expectations were so low. Christoph Bals of the environmental organization German Watch presented on Tuesday, the second day of the conference, the global climate risk index before. The Head of International Climate Policy at Greenpeace, Martin Kaiser, described the lack of participation of the German Chancellor as a problem to progress at the climate conference as it was currently coalition negotiations, but have great significance because of the pioneering position within European climate policy. " Would also be helpful if Merkel would support a national climate bill ," said Hubert Weiger by BUND.
Green Party politician, environmental and development organizations criticized the conference had set no impetus for climate protection.
Especially in the first week of the UN climate conferences * inside there will be numerous, also official side events as small conferences or briefings of environmental organizations and scientists.