Alpine skiing

When alpine ski races (short Alpine Skiing ) ride the racers staked a course through gates on a ski slope. (Also called Ski) Alpine skiing is in addition to cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle and snowboarding an Olympic ski discipline. The rating is done by timing the travel of the individual racer, in which all gates must be passed correctly from start to finish. Competitions will be held in nine different competitions, which differ according to course setting, the number of goals and distance, distance, height difference and scoring mode. Typical disciplines and competitions are downhill, slalom, giant slalom, Super-G and the Alpine combined.

• 2.1 racetracks
• 2.2 Classification of competitions

Alpine competitions

There are nine by the International Ski Federation ( FIS ) recognized alpine competitions. The definition of disciplines and competitions in alpine ski racing is inhomogeneous. According to FIS, a discipline is a branch of a sport and can contain one or more competitions. For example, alpine skiing is a FIS discipline, while a team race is a competition.

Departure

The departure is considered by many as the "king class ", since it involves not only demanding corners, jumps and gliding phases, but also very high speeds (up to 150 km / h ), and therefore also requires courage and high power use of the runners beside mature technology. The exit has the longest distance of all competitions and is named after the slalom the second oldest alpine ski competition. Before a race one to three training runs take place, so that the driver can memorize the route exactly. On the descent all skiers complete a run. The runner with the fastest time is the winner.

Slalom

The slalom, often referred to as door travel is the oldest competition in alpine skiing, he is primarily known as the most technically demanding competition. Slalom courses have very short gate separations that require extremely fast changes of direction. The drive line of the skis performs very close by on the rods, which is why the bars with your hands or legs are tilted away to keep the body center of gravity as close to the fall line. However, various slalom slopes will be very different routes, such as in Wengen and Kitzbühel, where the topography of the two runs can vary greatly ( start and finish are, however, at the same place ). As in the giant slalom, two different runs are completed on the same runway - the times of the two runs are added. The racer with the lowest total time wins.

Giant Slalom

The Giant Slalom (English Giant Slalom (GS) ) is also known as Giant ( RTL). The umfahrenden to gates are set so that constant direction changes take place. Since a giant slalom course has fewer goals than a slalom and these are also at a greater distance from one another less swings are much needed, making the racers reach higher speeds. Together with the slalom, giant slalom is one of the so-called art competitions. In the giant slalom, two different runs are completed with different course setting on the same runway. Here, however, there may be different routes, which only start and finish in the same place, the first run but on the right side of the runway, the second on the left (or vice versa) could be discharged. This depends on the extent of the slope (sometimes merely of the given snow conditions) from. Both runs take place on the same day. The two terms are added, the fastest total time signifies the victory.

Super -G

The name Super -G stands for Super Giant Slalom, so super- giant slalom. The Super-G was added in 1982 as competition in the World Cup calendar and after the departure of the second fastest competition in Alpine skiing. The track in the Super G is shorter than the downhill, but technically challenging, since there are more toward goals, which are also set close. Together with the departure is one of the super -G to the so-called " speed contests " that require the sportsmen and sportswomen, especially strength, endurance and courage. As with the exit decides a term with the result.

Combination competitions

There are various combination competitions, the Super Combined, the classic Alpine Combined and special shapes. For Super Combined competitions separate sub - contests are conducted. In Super Combined Apply in contrast to classic alpine combination of ratings from independent individual competitions counts only the total result of two runs. Special forms of Combined events are triple and quadruple competitions. The execution mode of combination Apply has changed again and again strongly over time and often results in controversy between the representatives of the FIS and the national associations. The super combined is a new variant of the former alpine combination and consists of only one slalom run and a shortened downhill or super-G race. Both runs are performed on the same day within the shortest possible time - distance. 2005, the first super combined was discharged as a World Cup competition. 2007, at the Alpine World Ski Championships in Åre the super combined was first performed at a major event. The classic alpine combination was withdrawn from the program.

Parallel race

In parallel Apply two possible identical courses are set side by side, which are traveled always simultaneously by two runners. In general, the runners pass each of the two courses to equalize terrain moderate inequalities. Parallel events will be mostly played in the knockout system. The runner with the fastest time in both runs is the next round. The parallel races are mostly, sometimes performed as set forth Slalom Giant Slalom. Parallel competitions were first in so-called " Pro-Racing ", a spin-off from FIS World Cup, down. In 1975, the first parallel slalom at the World Cup was conducted at the season finale in Val Gardena. From 1998 to 2010, no parallel race focused on the World Cup calendar. Since 2011, the parallel race is tighter than City Event part of the World Cup.

Team competitions

As a rule, a team consists of five people, three of which are rated with the fastest times. The rank is determined by the addition of the race points.

Nations competitions

The competition consists of two runs ( super -G and slalom) and four series per run. Open to all nations with at least 2 women and 2 men. Maximum of 2 women and 2 men be allowed to start per nation per passage. The team size is limited to 6 people. The sum of rank positions of the competitors per nation in each of the series of both passages yields the result sequence.

Knockout race

Knockout competitions are held in several runs. In general, a qualifying round, two intermediate rounds and a final round will take place. In the final race start nine runners. The final result is determined from the times of the second intermediate round and the final.

Alignment of ski races

The organization and execution of ski races, which are performed in the calendar of FIS, subject to the international Competition Rules ( ICR). To be listed in the FIS calendar competitions, reported competitor with valid FIS license, all affiliated with the FIS Ski Associations are eligible under the current quotas of the National Ski Associations. All competitions listed in the FIS Calendar international competitions must be supervised by a Technical Delegate of the FIS.

In addition to races for skiers with FIS license also races for amateur athletes will be held in many ski resorts that are mostly adapted to the schedule and rules to the basic rules of the FIS. These so-called public races, often amateur, guest and jokingly Bauer racing events mentioned, there are mostly very simple selected giant slalom with a shorter trip distance and lower slope.

Racetracks

Alpine ski race courses, will be held on qualifications recognized by the FIS competitions must be homologated by the FIS and meet clearly defined standards of preparation and safety for the current competition. Compliance with these standards is monitored by the race jury, led by race director and technical delegates of the FIS.

Among the important safety precautions include by nets and padding backed overthrow rooms and one adapted to the conditions, course setting. The preparation of the race tracks is done with a view to provide all participants approximately similar conditions. For this reason, it is placed on the most compact and uniform snow cover value, which is achieved by physical and chemical preparation methods. The goalposts are special standardized designs ( flex poles ) that offer as little resistance during physical contact.

Organization of competitions

The ICR of the FIS has the following classification of ski competitions:

• Olympic Winter Games, FIS World Ski Championships and FIS Junior World Ski Championships.
• FIS World Cup
• FIS Continental Cups ( for example, European Cup, Nor- Am Cup )
• International FIS Competitions (FIS race )
• Competitions with Special Participation and / or qualification
• Competitions with Non- Members of the FIS

Material specifications

The Materials Committee of the FIS has decided 2011 new rules to improve safety of the athletes. These concern the length and sidecut of alpine skis and the clothing of the ski jumper. Numerous ski racers see the requirements applicable as from winter 2012/2013 specifications as attractiveness reduction of the sport and have already publicly protested against it. The FIS has increased the length of the ski and the traveling with carving skis radius of from 27 feet to 35 feet ( 40 meters high ) specified. The changes will be judged by top athletes as a " throwback to Skiing 1980 ", but they are designed to protect the majority of the racers better from serious accidents. Literally it means: "The new rules are created not by whim. They are based on the results of years of research at the University of Salzburg and the Trauma Research Center, Oslo. In terms of material, it was primarily a matter of making the ski less aggressively " to reduce the self-regulating mechanism ." " The protesters, however, refer to opportunities by better preparing the slopes to enhance the security.