Annazids
The Annaziden or Banu Annaz (Arabic عنازيون, DMG ʿ Annāziyūn or بنو عناز Banū ʿ Annāz; 990-1116 ) were a Kurdish dynasty who ruled over present-day border between Iran and Iraq. The area included Kermanshah, Ilam, Hulvan, and Dinawar in today's western Iran and Shah Razor, Daquq, Daskara, Bandanijin ( Mandali ), and Numaniyya in today's southeastern Iraq. According to the Kurdish history book Scherefname, was the name of the dynasty Ayyar and not Annaz.
Ruler of Annaziden
Abul -Fath Mohammad bin Annaz (reigned 990-1011 ) was the founder of Annazidendynastie and ruled in Hulvan. Political conflicts during his 20 - year rule led to clashes in the West with the Banu Oqayl, of which he temporarily captured 998 Daquq, and with the Banu Mazyad, as well as to a campaign against Zahman 'm Hendi, ruler of Chanaqin, whose family he 999 eliminated. In the east there was a tough competition with the Kurdish Hasanwayhiden with whom he was related through marriage. Bedir sent in the year 1006 with the help 'm Hasanwaih by Abul- Hassan Ali bin Mazyad 10,000 men against Abul- Fath, the 'm with the buyidischen vizier al - amide Joyus Abu Ali Hassan Abi Jafar had to seek refuge in Baghdad. In an agreement between the Kurdish dynasties Abul -Fath declared a vassal of Hasanwayhiden.
Hosam al- Dawla Abu'l - Shawk (reigned 1011-1046 ) was the son of Abul -Fath Annazs. His 36 - year reign was filled with both internal and external struggles. As a result of his authority reached a maximum until after Hilla or shrank to a small area in what is now western Iran. He began his reign with the fact that he stayed an attack by the new vizier buyidischen Fakhr -al- milked, but he was thus forced to retire after Hulvan until a reconciliation was achieved. In 1029 he managed to defeat it Shams -al- Dawla and stop the Seljuk Turks after they Hamadan had attacked and taken Dinawar and Asadabad. In the same year Abul- Shawk defeated the Banu Oqayl and took a Daquq. In the period 1038 and 1039, he captured Kermanshah and became its ruler caught a Quhid Kurds. 1040 tried his son Abul -Fath Abul- Shawk to conquer territories of Mohalhel, but was defeated and taken prisoner. Mohalhel secured the help of Ala -al- Dawla 'm Kakuya, the ruler of Hamadan, and conquered Dinawar, Kermanshah and other areas. The relationships between Abul- Shawk and Mohalhel improved by the intervention Jalal -al- Dawla, but Mohalhels refusal Abul -Fath 'm Shawk free to let led to new hostilities in 1040 and 1042. But Abul- Shawk did not make it, his son to free, who died in captivity. In a second campaign in 1042 caused great damage to the city Mohalhel Sanandaj.
In 1045 Tughrul Beg had to conquer before the annazidischen areas. During his campaign, the Kurdish ruler of Hamadan and Abul- Shawk fled retired from Dinawar to Kerman shah back and from there to the river Diyala, where many Kurds gathered around him in the fortress Sirwan. The Annaziden were not able to stop the advance of the Turks, who conquered and Hulvan and Mahidasht Chanaqin attacked. Abul- Shawk died in the fortress Sirwan in April 1046. His followers gathered around Mohalhel.
Mohalhel
The battle between the Annazidenhäuptlingen also continued during the reign of Mohalhels continued, especially when Sa'di 'm Abul- Shawk applied to the half-brother Tughrul Begs Ibrahim Inal against his uncle. Yenal took 1046 Hulvan on behalf of Hasanwayhidenherrschers Badr bin Taher 'm a Helal. After four years of efforts at reconciliation between the Annaziden and Seljuks, to Mohalhel hit in 1050 with Tughrul Beg, who strengthened his dominion over Sirwan, Daquq, Shah Razor and Samagan and his brother Sokrab let free.
Decline of Annaziden
A decline of the rule can be observed over several generations. The last mention of a Annazidenherrschers was in the second half of the 12th century, when Sokrab Annaz am the ruler of Lorestan was. After the Kurdish historian Ibn al - Athir and Scherefname the era of Annaziden lasted 130 years.
List of rulers
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- Kurdish history
- History of Iraq
- History of Iran
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