Aristea

Aristea africana

Aristea is a genus of flowering plants in the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ). They are also called German Grannenlilien. The distribution area of ​​about fifty Aristea species is in sub-Saharan Africa (Sub - Sahara).

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

From germination of the seed to Blühreife it takes about three years.

Appearance and leaves

Aristea species grow as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plants that form clumps. There are short formed by long rhizomes as outlasting. The simple or branched stem has a rounded, flattened or strongly winged cross-section and has only a top sheet or in addition at the bottom of reduced leaves. The double row and basal arranged foliage leaves are relatively long and sword-shaped or linear, rarely terete depending on the type with a length of 20 to 90 cm.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowering period is usually between late winter and summer. The only bract leaf is leaf-like and green or partially to completely membranous to trockenhäutig with smooth or irregular eingerissenem to a frayed edge. The inflorescence is in the form of a two-part Fächels ( Rhiphidium ), there are one or more flowers into two groups. The bracts are leaf-like foliage and green or partially to completely membranous to trockenhäutig with smooth or irregular eingerissenem to a frayed edge. Most no flower stalk is present.

The relatively short-lived flowers die already during a day. The flowers open in the morning and usually start already lunchtime or early afternoon to wilt. The unscented, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six most nearly equal multiform, lanceolate to ovate, usually horizontally spreading or sometimes ascending bracts are fused for a length of about 0.5 to 2 mm and twist at the wither. In a few species the bracts of the outer circle are much smaller. The colors of the bracts ranging from mostly dark blue or rare purple or mauve, light blue to white, sometimes with contrasting drawings. Nectar production has been demonstrated in one species with nectaries located at the bloom cladding. The 2 × 3 upright, free stamens have elongated to rulers dust bag. Three carpels are fused into one inferior ovary. The not exactly on the tip of the ovary standing, thin style ends in a very short dreigekerbten, three-piece or three-lobed stigma short, while the stigma lobes can be smooth or fringed.

Pollination is by scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini ), which are attracted by the pollen.

Fruit and seeds

It is a very short to Pedicel clearly recognizable available. Most remnants of the bloom even in mature fruits are present. The egg-shaped to oblong or cylindrical capsule fruits have a round, slightly to deeply three-lobed or broadly triangular cross-section. The dreifächerigen, loculicidalen capsule fruits öffenen with three valves and one or two to many seeds. The rounded or angular seeds are cylindrical to flattened.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 16

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​about fifty Aristea species in sub-Saharan Africa (Sub - Sahara) which includes tropical and Southern Africa and Madagascar. About 32 species are native to the capensis and about seven species occur in Madagascar. On the African continent are found species from Senegal and Ethiopia to the Western Cape.

Most species thrive in winter rainfall areas. In the winter rainfall areas of South Africa to find the most species in mountain regions most commonly in sandstone habitats ( Cape Fold Belt ) and then they bloom often en masse to fires. In summer rainfall areas of the eastern tropical South Africa until they are found most commonly in the moist highlands, on rocks or in swamps.

System

The genus Aristea 1789 was erected by William Aiton in Hortus Kewensis, 1, p 67. A synonym for Aristea Ait. is Cleanthe Salisb .. The genus belongs to the subfamily Aristea Nivenioideae in the family Iridaceae.

We divided the genus into three subgenera Aristea: Aristea, Eucapsulares, Pseudaristea and some sections.

The genus contains about 50 species Aristea:

  • Aristea abyssinica Pax: The wide distribution area extends from Ethiopia and Cameroon to the vicinity of Humansdorp (34 ° 2 ' S / 24 ° 46 ' E) in the Eastern Cape.
  • Aristea africana (L.) Hoffmann. ( Syn: Aristea cyanea Aiton, Aristea eriophora pers, Aristea lacera Stokes, Ixia africana L., Moraea africana (L.) Thunb.. ): It grows in South Africa of toxic mountain to Bredasdorp and Riversdale.
  • Aristea alata Baker: It occurs in Tanzania and Kenya
  • Aristea anceps Eckl. ex Klatt: It comes from Humansdorp prior to Transkei.
  • Aristea angolensis Baker
  • Aristea angustifolia Baker: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea bakeri Klatt: The South African butterfly from Piketberg to Port Elizabeth and the Eastern Cape.
  • Aristea biflora Weim. Aie happens to Drayton in Renosterveld of Caledon.
  • Aristea bracteata Pers. It comes from the cedar mountains ( Cedar Mountains ) prior to Du Toit 's Kloof.
  • Aristea cantharophila Goldblatt & JCManning, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea capitata (L.) Ker Gawl. ( Syn: Anomatheca capitata (L.) de Vriese, Aristea Vahl var caerulea caerulea, Aristea major Andrews, Aristea spicata pers, Aristea thyrsiflora ( D.Delaroche ) NEBr, Gladiolus capitatus L., Ixia thyrsiflora D.Delaroche. .. , Moraea caerulea Thunb ), Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea cistiflora JCManning & Goldblatt, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea cladocarpa Baker: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea compressa Buchinger ex Baker
  • Aristea cuspidata Schinz
  • Aristea dichotoma ( Thunb. ) Ker Gawl.
  • Aristea djalonis A.Chev. ex Hutch.
  • Aristea ecklonii Baker: It occurs in tropical Africa and in South Africa
  • Aristea elliptica Goldblatt & A.P.Dold
  • Aristea ensifolia John Muir, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea fimbriata Goldblatt & JCManning: It comes only on rocky sandstone hills just to altitudes of 500 to 800 meters in Piketberg.
  • Aristea flexicaulis Baker
  • Aristea galpinii N.E.Br. ex Weim.
  • Aristea gerrardii Weim.
  • Aristea glauca Klatt
  • Aristea goetzei Harms: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea grandis Weim.
  • Aristea humbertii H.Perrier: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea inaequalis Goldblatt & JCManning, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea juncifolia Eckl. ex Baker
  • Aristea kitchingii Baker: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea latifolia G.J.Lewis
  • Aristea lugens ( L. f ) Steud.
  • Aristea madagascariensis Baker: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea montana Baker (syn.: Aristea caerulea var elongata Weim, Aristea caerulea var robusta Weim. . )
  • Aristea monticola Goldblatt
  • Aristea nana Goldblatt & JCManning, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea nigrescens JCManning & Goldblatt, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea nyikensis Baker
  • Aristea oligocephala Baker
  • Aristea palustris Schltr.
  • Wolley - Dod aristea pauciflora: It occurs only on the Cape Peninsula.
  • Aristea platycaulis Baker
  • Aristea polycephala Harms
  • Aristea pusilla ( Thunb. ) Ker Gawl.
  • Aristea racemosa Baker
  • Aristea Ranomafana Goldblatt: It is native to Madagascar.
  • Aristea Recisa Weim.
  • Aristea rigidifolia GJLewis: You just comes down to sandy areas of the Cape Peninsula prior to the Hermanus mountains.
  • Aristea rupicola Goldblatt & JCManning, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea schizolaena Harv. ex Baker
  • Aristea simplex Weim.
  • Aristea singularis Weim. It occurs only in the Pakhuis Mountains.
  • Aristea spiralis ( L. f ) Ker Gawl.
  • Aristea teretifolia Goldblatt & JCManning, Origin: South Africa (Cape )
  • Aristea torulosa Klatt
  • Aristea zeyheri Baker: It comes only on sandstone slopes usually in damp locations from the Cape Peninsula to the Hermanus mountains before.

Use

Few species ( Aristea capitata, Aristea ecklonii, Aristea africana, Aristea bakeri, Aristea inaequalis ) are used in the tropics and subtropics as ornamentals in parks and gardens. They are usually propagated by seeds.

Swell

  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Dee Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs, 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0 (Section Description and occurrence)
  • Peter Goldblatt, Annick Le Thomas & Maria Suárez - Cervera: Phylogeny of the African- Madagascan Aristea ( Iridaceae ) revisited in the light of new data on pollen morphology, In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 144, 2004, p 41 -68.
  • Peter Goldblatt, AP Dold & John C. Manning: Three new cryptic species of Aristea ( Iridaceae ) from southern Africa, In: Bothalia 4, 2005, pp. 121-128.
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning & Roy E. Gereau: nomenclatural Clarification in Section Aristea Racemosae ( Iridaceae ) in the Cape flora of South Africa, In: Novon, Volume 12, No. 2, 2002, pp. 190-195.
  • Aristea - Iridaceae at A Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar.
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Ovary (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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