Asphodeloideae

Asphodel fistulosus

The Asphodelus ( Asphodeloideae ) are a subfamily of the family of the grass tree plants ( Xanthorrhoeaceae ) in the order of the asparagus -like ( Asparagales ) within the monocot plants ( monocots ). They were assigned to the lily family ( Liliaceae ) earlier. Some species are medicinal plants - as Aloe vera. Many species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks, gardens and rooms.

• 3.1 Internet
• 3.2 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly perennial, herbaceous plants, often forming rhizomes as outlasting. Some taxa are succulents, often it is tree-like plants.

The leaves are arranged opposite one another and mostly spirally in rosettes; rosettes are mostly basal but with tree-like species terminally and crested like. The simple and parallel venation leaves are herbaceous or leathery.

Generative features

The flowers are usually together in the axil of bracts in terminal racemes or spikes. The blooms are triple as in most monocots, so there are six bracts present. They are the same or different shaped and free or fused. There are two circles with clear, fertile stamens present. The three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries.

The flowers formula is:

Are formed capsule fruits.

Ingredients

Anthracene ( anthranoids, Anthraglykoside ) are mostly in the so-called Aloinzellen - anthranoidhaltigen parenchymal cells - contain that surround the Phloemseite the Blattleitbündel; Steroidsaponine hardly exist.

Systematics and distribution

The subfamily contains about 15 species of Asphodelus and about 800 species. The distribution is altweltlich, with a focus on Africa, and particularly since the capensis; Another focus extends from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. As a special feature in the spread of the genus Bulbinella is native to New Zealand.

The molecular genetic studies in the last ten years have meant that the family boundaries within the order of asparagus -like ( Asparagales ) have dramatically shifted. The systematics of these genera, subfamilies, families has long been debated, one is in the literature often encounter apparent inconsistencies. Shown here is the classification by Mark W. Chase et al. 2009th The grass tree family Cucurbitaceae ( Xanthorrhoeaceae Dum. ) Was extended Asphodelus ( Asphodelaceae ) and Tagliliengewächse ( Hemerocallidaceae ) to the taxa of the former families. The former family Asphodelaceae Juss. is demoted to the rank of a subfamily Asphodeloideae Burnett.

The first publication of Asphodelaceae took place in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum .., p 51 under the name " asphodeli ". Asphodeloideae was published in 1835 by Gilbert Thomas Burnett in Outlines of Botany, p 427. Type genus is asphodel L.

Based on recent phylogenetic studies suggested Olwen Megan Grace and staff in early 2013 before several taxonomic changes. The species of the genus Chortolirion be included in the genus Aloe, Aloe plicatilis is in the monotypic genus Kumara Medik. (1786 ) remanded. In the new genus Aloidendron ( A.Berger ) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. Six tree-like aloes and in the new genus Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. seven main climbing aloes outsourced.

The subfamily contains about 15 species Asphodeloideae:

• Aloidendron ( A.Berger ) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm.: it contains about six species belonging to the genus Aloe before 2013. The distribution area is mainly southern Africa, only one species occurs in Somalia.
• Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm.: It contains about seven species belonging to the genus Aloe before 2013. All seven species are Flore elements of capensis and occur only in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa; only one kind enough also to Swaziland.
• Aloes (Aloe L., including Lomatophyllum Willd and Chortolirion A.Berger. ): The about 500 species are distributed mainly in southern Africa and in East Africa and the offshore islands such as Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula.
• Junker Lilies ( Asphodeline Rchb. ): The approximately 17 species occur mainly in the Mediterranean.
• Asphodel ( asphodel L.): The approximately 16 species occur in the south to India and adjacent deserts from the Mediterranean.
• Astroloba Uitewaal: The six types are elements of the Flore capensis and occur only in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
• Bulbine Wolf: The 50-60 species occur mainly in tropical and southern Africa; some species in Australia.
• Of the approximately 23 species in 14 of the capensis, is home to most of the other New Zealand: Bulbinella Kunth.
• Steppe Candles ( eremurus M.Bieb. ): The approximately 40 to 45 species occur in the central and western Asia, often in mountainous areas before.
• Gasteria Duval: The approximately 22 species occur in the Capensis.
• Haworthia Duval: The about 144 species are widespread in southern Africa.
• Jodrellia Baijnath: The only three species are distributed from Central to East Africa.
• Torch Lily ( Kniphofia Moench ): The about 65 to 70 species occur mainly in tropical and southern Africa; a kind on the Arabian Peninsula and a kind of Madagascar.
• Kumara Medik. Contains only one type: Kumara disticha Medik. ( Syn: Aloe plicatilis ( L.) Mill ): This endemic species is found only in the South African province of Western Cape.

• Poellnitzia rubriflora ( L.Bolus ) Uitewaal: This endemic species is found only in the South African province of Western Cape.

Intergeneric hybrids ( intergeneric hybrids) are:

• × Algastoloba DMCumming ( = Aloe × × Astroloba Gasteria )
• × Alolirion G.D.Rowley ( = Aloe × Chortolirion )
• × Aloloba G.D.Rowley ( = Aloe × Astroloba )
• × Alworthia G.D.Rowley ( = Aloe × Haworthia )
• × Astroworthia GDRowley ( = Astroloba × Haworthia )
• × Bayerara DMCumming ( = Aloe × × Gasteria Haworthia )
• × Cummingara GDRowley ( = Gasteria × × Haworthia Poellnitzia )
• × Gasteraloe Guillaumin ( = Aloe × Gasteria )
• × Gasterhaworthia Guillaumin ( = Gasteria × Haworthia )
• × Gastroloba DMCumming ( = Astroloba × Gasteria )
• × Maysara DMCumming ( = Astroloba × × Gasteria Haworthia )
• × Poellneria GDRowley ( = Gasteria × Poellnitzia )

Swell

Internet

• The subfamily of Asphodeloideae in APWebsite. ( Section systematics and description) seen in April 2010.
• University of Greifswald, pharmacy - Asphodelaceae.