Haworthia

Haworthia fasciata with the typical for many species " Perlwarzen ".

Haworthia is a genus of the subfamily of Asphodelus ( Asphodeloideae ). The botanical name of the genus honors the botanist and zoologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth. Most species are native to South Africa.

• 3.1 Outer systematics
• 3.2 Internal systematics
• 3.3 hybrids

• 5.1 Literature
• 5.2 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Haworthia are small-growing perennial succulent plants. Some species sprout through the formation of stolons, most branching from the base, forming dense groups. Few species grow individually. Their roots are fibrous and succulent and sometimes spindle-shaped.

The densely arranged in rosettes usually at the stem axis leaves, Haworthia truncata only when they are in two rows, are sitting or are on short stems. The flat to achieve spherical or verlängertene rosettes diameter of 2 to 15 centimeters. The leaves are erect, spreading to reflexed, sometimes much reduced form. Your leaf blade triangular- lanceolate to linear and mostly fixed. They often dries forth from the tip and then paper-like. The very pale green, blue-green to dark (blackish ) green epidermis is often warty, variously patterned, bare and rarely tomentose. There is often translucent windows and reticulate veining. The upper leaf surface flat or rinnig to convex, the convex bottom and often keeled towards the tip. The leaf margins are entire, denticulate, ciliate, set with bristle-like spines or warty. The sometimes blunt or truncated tip is usually pointed or acuminate and sometimes has an attached Spitzchen.

Inflorescences and flowers

The upright, simple or branched, solid to wiry inflorescence emerges from the center of the leaf rosette and bears 1-5 panicles with small bracts. The inflorescence stem is tinged with brownish green and often powdery. The flowers are small, zygomorphic, bilabiate and about 15 millimeters long. There are 5 to 50 flowers per inflorescence available. The flower tube is bent or straight and towards the base slightly swollen. The 6 white to pink tepals often have a green or brownish markings. Your tips are spread to bent back, in the middle they are green, brown or sometimes yellow. The six stamens do not protrude from the flower tube. The oblong to oblong- ovate ovary is dreifächrig and sechsrinnig, the stylus priemlich and the scar apical, tiny three-lobed or round.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits are upright, elongated ovoid, woody fruit capsules that tear open lengthwise. They contain black to gray, irregularly edged, or nearly flat seeds.

Genetics

The base chromosome number of the genus is. The chromosome set is as in the genera Aloe, Gasteria and Poellnitzia of four large and three small chromosomes.

Dissemination

The genus Haworthia is in the south of Namibia and South Africa spread between 25 and 34 degrees south latitude and 16 and 32 longitude. The area with the greatest biodiversity is located in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa's Succulent Karoo in the ( Succulent Karoo ) and the Nama Karoo. The plants usually grow in rocky places in the shade of grasses or shrubs.

System

Outer systematics

Haworthia heard within the subfamily of Asphodelus in the monophyletic group of Alooideae (until 2009 a subfamily of Asphodelaceae ). On the basis of selected morphological features in 1991 following cladogram on the possible phylogenetic relationship of the genus Haworthia was derived:

Aloe (incl. Lomatophyllum )

Poellnitzia

Gasteria

Astroloba

Haworthia

Chortolirion

Inside systematics

The first description of the genus Haworthia was made in 1809 by Henri -Auguste Duval. On the basis of flower characteristics it is divided into three sub-genera and includes the following types:

Subgenus Haworthia

• Haworthia angustifolia Haworthia angustifolia var angustifolia
• Haworthia angustifolia var altissima
• Haworthia angustifolia var baylissii
• Haworthia angustifolia var paucifolia

• Haworthia var arachnoid arachnoid
• Haworthia arachnoidea var aranea
• Haworthia arachnoidea var namaquensis
• Haworthia arachnoidea var nigricans
• Haworthia arachnoidea var scabrispina
• Haworthia arachnoidea var setata
• Haworthia arachnoidea var xiphiophylla

• Haworthia blackburniae var blackburniae
• Haworthia blackburniae var derustensis
• Haworthia blackburniae var graminifolia

• Haworthia bolusii var black bear diana
• Haworthia bolusii var bolusii

• Haworthia chloracantha var chloracantha
• Haworthia chloracantha var denticulifera
• Haworthia chloracantha var subglauca

• Haworthia cooperi var cooperi
• Haworthia cooperi var dielsiana
• Haworthia cooperi var gordoniana
• Haworthia cooperi var leightonii
• Haworthia cooperi var pilifera
• Haworthia cooperi var truncata
• Haworthia cooperi var venusta

• Haworthia cymbiformis var cymbiformis
• Haworthia cymbiformis var incurvula
• Haworthia obtusa var cymbiformis
• Haworthia cymbiformis var ramosa
• Haworthia cymbiformis var reddii
• Haworthia cymbiformis var setulifera
• Haworthia cymbiformis var transiens

• Haworthia decipiens var cyanea
• Haworthia decipiens decipiens var
• Haworthia decipiens var minor
• Haworthia decipiens var pringlei

• Haworthia emelyae var comptoniana
• Haworthia emelyae var emelyae
• Haworthia emelyae var major
• Haworthia emelyae var multifolia

• Haworthia floribunda var dentata
• Haworthia floribunda var floribunda
• Haworthia floribunda var major

• Haworthia gracilis var gracilis
• Haworthia gracilis var isabellae
• Haworthia gracilis var picturata
• Haworthia gracilis var tenera
• Haworthia gracilis var viridis

• Haworthia heidelbergensis var heidelbergensis
• Haworthia heidelbergensis var minor
• Haworthia heidelbergensis var scabra
• Haworthia heidelbergensis var toonensis

• Haworthia herbacea var flaccida
• Haworthia herbacea var herbacea
• Haworthia herbacea var lupula
• Haworthia herbacea var paynei

• Haworthia maculata var intermedia
• Haworthia maculata maculata var

• Haworthia magnifica var acuminata
• Haworthia magnifica var atrofusca
• Haworthia magnifica var dekenahii
• Haworthia magnifica var magnifica
• Haworthia magnifica var splendens

• Haworthia maraisii var maraisii
• Haworthia maraisii var meiringii
• Haworthia maraisii var notabilis

• Haworthia marumiana var archeri
• Haworthia marumiana var batesiana
• Haworthia marumiana var dimorpha
• Haworthia marumiana var marumiana
• Haworthia marumiana var viridis

• Haworthia mirabilis var badia
• Haworthia mirabilis var beukmannii
• Haworthia mirabilis var calcarea
• Haworthia mirabilis var consanguinea
• Haworthia mirabilis var mirabilis
• Haworthia mirabilis var paradoxa
• Haworthia mirabilis var sublineata
• Haworthia mirabilis var triebneriana

• Haworthia monticola var asema
• Haworthia monticola monticola var

• Haworthia mucronata var habdomadis
• Haworthia mucronata var inconfluens
• Haworthia mucronata var morrisiae
• Haworthia mucronata var mucronata
• Haworthia mucronata var rycroftiana

• Haworthia mutica mutica var
• Haworthia mutica var nigra

• Haworthia nortieri var globosiflora
• Haworthia nortieri var nortieri
• Haworthia nortieri var pehlemanniae

• Haworthia pubescens var livida
• Haworthia pubescens var pubescens

• Haworthia pulchella var globifera
• Haworthia pulchella pulchella var

• Haworthia pygmaea var argenteo - maculosa
• Haworthia pygmaea pygmaea var

• Haworthia reticulata var attenuata
• Haworthia reticulata var hurlingii
• Haworthia reticulata var reticulata
• Haworthia reticulata var subregularis

• Haworthia truncata var maughanii
• Haworthia truncata var truncata

• Haworthia turgida var longibracteata
• Haworthia turgida var suberecta
• Haworthia turgida var turgida

• Haworthia variegata var hemicrypta
• Haworthia variegata var modesta
• Haworthia variegata var petrophila
• Haworthia variegata variegata var

• Haworthia zantneriana var minor
• Haworthia zantneriana var zantneriana

Subgenus Hexangulares Uitewaal ex M.B.Bayer

• Haworthia attenuata Haworthia attenuata var attenuata
• Haworthia attenuata var radula

• Haworthia coarctata var adelaidensis
• Haworthia coarctata var coarctata
• Haworthia coarctata var tenuis

• Haworthia glauca var glauca
• Haworthia glauca var herrei

• Haworthia koelmaniorum var koelmaniorum
• Haworthia koelmaniorum var mcmurtryi

• Haworthia limifolia var gigantea
• Haworthia limifolia var limifolia
• Haworthia limifolia var ubomboensis

• Haworthia nigra var diversifolia
• Haworthia nigra nigra var

• Haworthia reinwardtii var brevicula
• Haworthia reinwardtii var reinwardtii

• Haworthia scabra var lateganiae
• Haworthia scabra var morrisiae
• Haworthia scabra var scabra
• Haworthia scabra var starkiana

• Haworthia sordida var lavrani
• Haworthia sordida sordida var

• Haworthia venosa subsp. granulata
• Haworthia venosa subsp. tessellata
• Haworthia venosa subsp. venosa
• Haworthia venosa subsp. woolleyi

Subgenus Robustipedunculares Uitewaal ex MBBayer

• Haworthia kingiana
• Haworthia marginata
• Haworthia maxima
• Haworthia minima Haworthia minima var minima
• Haworthia minima var poellnitziana

To this extent, however, the genus is not monophyletic.

Hybrids

There are several hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids with closely related genera known; eg: Haworthia × mantelii Uitewaal is a garden hybrid of Haworthia described in 1947 truncata Haworthia cuspidata and whose second parent is insufficiently secured. There are also hybrids with the genera Aloe ( × Alworthia ) Astroloba ( Astroworthia × ), with × Astroworthia bicarinata ( Haw. ) GDRowley and Gasteria ( × Gasterhaworthia ) and the triple hybrids × Bayerara DMCumming ( = Aloe × × Haworthia Gasteria ), × Cummingara GDRowley ( = Gasteria × × Haworthia Poellnitzia ) and × Maysara DMCumming ( = Astroloba × × Gasteria Haworthia ).

Use

Haworthia limifolia has good antibacterial properties. The species is traded on the markets of Durban. A film made from the leaves brew is used by some South American tribes, such as the Zulu, for stomach problems.

Evidence