Asuka, Yamato
Asuka- kyō (Japanese飞鸟 京, also: Asuka no miyako, German Imperial residence Asuka ) and Asuka (あすか,飞鸟,明日香,安 宿,阿 须 贺,阿 须 可,安 须 可, and others) was during named after her Asuka period several times the seat of Tennō and thus capital of Japan. It was located in present-day village of Asuka in Nara prefecture.
History
According to records, the palaces of the ojin - tennō ( 270-310 ), the INGYO - tennō ( 411-453 ), the Kenzo - tennō ( 485-487 ) and of Senka - tennō were before the Asuka period ( 535-539 ) in Asuka Asuka and thus capital.
Before the Taiho Code ( 701) the place of death of a Tennō was considered unclean and the new Tennō referring always also a new palace. After the death of Sushun - tennō, 592 the new Suiko tennō in Toyura Palace (豊 浦 宫, Toyura no miya, 34 ° 28 ' 56 "N, 135 ° 48' 47" O34.482266666667135.81309166667 ) was enthroned in Asuka and led from here the official duties, which Asuka Naniwa - kyō (modern Osaka ) replaced as its capital. 603 were the business of government in the Oharida Palace (小 垦 田 宫, Oharida no miya, 34 ° 29 '2 " N, 135 ° 48' 46" O34.483891666667135.81272777778 ) laid and the Toyura Palace was by Soga no Umako in the Nunnery Toyura -dera (豊 浦 寺) converted. The Jomei - tennō pulled 630 in the Okamoto Palace (冈本 宫, Okamoto no miya ) and as this 636 burned down in the Palace Tanaka (田中 宫, Tanaka no miya ). 640 he moved only for 8 months in the Umayasaka Palace (厩 坂 宫, Umayasaka no miya ) and then in the Kudara Palace (百 済 宫, Kudara no miya ) outside Asuka's in today Koryo. With the enthronement of Kōgyoku - tennō 642 drew this in the Itabuki Palace (板 葺 宫, Itabuki no miya ). Her successor of Kōtoku - tennō laid 645 the capital back to Naniwa - kyō in the Naniwa Nagara - Toyosaki Palace (难 波 长柄 豊 崎 宫, Naniwa Nagara Toyosaki no miya ), also (formerly ) Naniwa Palace ( (前期)难 波 宫, ( zenki ) Naniwa no miya ), called in today's Chūō -ku, Osaka. 654 died this Tennō in this Naniwa Palace. The former Kōgyoku - tennō, now under the name Saimei, pulled back into the Itabuki Palace. According to the Nihon Shoki but this burning in winter 655, so that the short-term Kawara Palace (川 原 宫, Kawara no miya, 34 ° 28 ' 20 " N, 135 ° 49 ' 2" O34.472227777778135.81731111111 ) and 656 of the Late Okamoto Palace (后 冈本 宫, Nochi no Okamoto no miya ) was obtained. The Kawara Palace was then converted into the temple Kawara -dera (川 原 寺). When the Korean ally Baekje attacked Silla and Tang China, the Tennō made military aid and laid 661 the seat of government in the Korea nearer Asakura on Kyushu in the Asakura Tachibana -no- Hironiwa Palace (朝 仓 橘 広 庭 宫, Asakura no Tachibana no Hironiwa no miya ). Since 663 Japan and Baekje were defeated at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, let the new Tenji - tennō fear fasten the Japanese coasts from invasion, build forts and laid 667 the capital in the hinterland to Ōmi - kyō (modern Otsu Cities ) at Biwa Lake. After the short 8 -month reign of Kobun - tennō the new Temmu - tennō the capital moved back to Asuka 672, first in the Shima Palace (嶋 宫, Shima no miya ), then the same in the Okamoto Palace and most recently in year in the Asuka Kiyomihara Palace (飞鸟 净 御 原 宫, Asuka Kiyomihara no miya ). With the accession of Jitō - tennō 694 and the relocation of the capital to Fujiwara - kyō Asuka was permanently abandoned as a seat of government.
Etymology
The exact meaning of the name is unclear, as well as the spellings in kanji only reflect the pronunciation. On the one hand Kanji were used that were used prior to the development of the Japanese syllabaries katakana and hiragana for the three sounds a, su ka, as阿 须 贺,阿 须 可,安 须 可, on the other hand also homophonic kanji pleasant meanings as in 明日香( asu -ka, literally, the smell of the morning) or安 宿(a- suka, literally, peaceful hostel).
The common notation as飞鸟comes from various poems in Manyoshu (eg, Volume 1, Volume 2 and 78 poem, poem 194 in the Nishi- Hongan -ji version). There it was in the form飞鸟 明日香(modern spelling :飛ぶ 鳥 の 明日香, tobu tori no Asuka, dt " the flying birds Asuka " ) as a nickname to the written as明日香Asuka needed. The nickname was then pronounced in the later stages instead tobu tori, himself as Asuka.
A theory is derived from Asuka ISUKA from, the Japanese name of the crossbill 's beak, and thus relates directly to the nickname.
After another Asuka refers to the landform, eg suka (洲 处) for " place with sandbar " or asu (崩 地) for " sunken face of the earth " and ka (处) for " place ", and other variants.
Archaeological
The territory of the former capital, is an important archeological site. So here Wado coins were found, which are considered the oldest coins of Japan, as well as excavated paintings in the Kitora graves.
1933 Ishibutai - Kofun was excavated, which is the supposed tomb of Soga no Umako. 2004, the main building of a noble residence, was found in the vicinity of the Kofun. Because of this proximity, it is assumed that it also belongs to Soga Umako no.