Austrian Federal Government
In Austria, according to Federal Constitution, the Federal Government the Federal President and one of the supreme bodies of the federal administration. It is a so-called collegial body that decides by decisions; Members are the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor and the Federal Ministers. The Secretaries of State in connection with the government often mentioned are not formally members of the government, but auxiliary organs of the Minister, as the Chef de Cabinet. Not all ministers also run a ministry.
- 3.1 First Republic ( 1918-1934 ) and State ( 1934-1938 )
- 3.2 Second Republic (since 1945)
Function and position in the political system
Appointment and dismissal
The federal government is appointed by the Federal President since 1929 (until then it was selected in 1920 by the National Council ), where it is bound in the appointment of the Chancellor no legal requirements. For the appointment of the other members of the federal government, it relies on the proposal of the Federal Chancellor ( although it may, however, refuse the appointment ). With her appointment and swearing in the government is immediately fully functional. A separate confirmation by the National Council is not required. However, because the President would be required as a result of a no-confidence vote of the National Council to dismiss the federal government, the parliamentary majority upon appointment of crucial importance. ( In national elections, the parties tend to promote their top candidate as a future Chancellor, which is, in reality, depending on the election result as a default for the Federal President dar. )
Apart from this legal obligation, the President can dismiss the Federal Chancellor or the entire federal government at any time. ( However, this would only make sense if the President can be sure that he aimed alternative is accepted by the National Council. ) The dismissal of individual members of the federal government as their appointment to the proposal from the Registrar bound and will formally take place even if Minister by itself explain her resignation.
Status of Federal Government
The federal government is set up as a collegial organ or total administrative authority in its area of effect. For decisions at least half of its members must be present. Although not legally defined separately, decisions must be taken unanimously in political practice. This corresponds to the highest judicial jurisdiction. In view of these Konventionalregel presented Chancellor Karl Renner 1945 two communist government officials who refused to endorse a decision to withdraw from the Government prey, whereupon they raised no more objections.
Status of Government Members
The Austrian Federal Chancellor is the Chairman of the Federal Government (in the sense of a primus inter pares ). A formal policy-making power or authority of said government against the ministers sees the Austrian government system not available. His status within the federal government but strengthened by his proposal in the appointment and dismissal of its individual members. His political position depends on whether it is taking the one-party government of a party or on its coalition partners must take into consideration.
In addition to the Federal President and the Federal government as a whole and its individual members (ie Chancellor, Vice Chancellor and Federal Minister ) are among the highest authorities of the Federal Administration ( monocratic organs). As such, they are only to decisions of the federal government - represented in the Council of Ministers - bound, and otherwise without instructions, ie no order from whomever subject, and to members of their subordinate authorities authorized to issue instructions ( departmental principle ). Not as legal, but probably as a political order is to understand if the National Council a Minister by a resolution to prompt to act in a certain sense, to submit a bill for example.
To assist in the official business of the Federal Ministers Secretaries may be added to act as auxiliary organs of the federal Minister and are thus bound by instructions above him. You are legally not members of the Federal Government, as such, have no voting rights but will participate in government meetings. In coalition governments, federal ministers are often added to Secretaries of the other government party. In this case, the Subordination of the State Secretary theory remains; in practice it acts as a kind of political "watchdog " of the party that does not lead the department.
Current Federal Government
The current federal government under Chancellor Werner Faymann ( SPÖ) was appointed and sworn in on December 16, 2013 by Federal President Heinz Fischer.
Federal governments ( cabinets ) of the Republic of Austria
See also: List of Federal Chancellor of Austria - Overview head of government
First Republic (1918-1934) and State (1934-1938)
State governments have been elected 1918-1920:
- The State Government Renner I officiated, appointed by the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria on 30 October 1918 to 3 March 1919.
- The elected on February 16, 1919 Constituent National Assembly elected on March 4, 1919, the State Government Renner II
- She chose further on July 7, 1920, the State Government Mayr I, the in- force of the Federal Constitutional Law of the Republic on 10 November 1920, was the first government in the day.
Federal governments passed on 10 November 1920 ( in force of the Federal Constitution Act, see Federal Government Mayr I) until March 13, 1938 ( In force of the "Anschluss " of Austria to the German Reich)
The federal government Dollfuss ruled on March 5, 1933 without a parliament, turned on 12 February 1934, the opposition and sat on 1 May 1934, the authoritarian constitution of the State of Austria into force. In addition, all parties were banned alongside the Fatherland Front (VF ) as the Unity Party, so all the following governments were formally VF governments.
Second Republic (since 1945)
The provisional government Renner 1945 officiated without parliamentary control from April 27, 1945 (Austrian Declaration of Independence ) to December 20, 1945 and prepared the national elections before 25 November 1945. It was replaced by the federal government Figl I, officiated by December 20, 1945 (the day of the full in- force of the Federal Constitutional Law after the Second World War) to.