Bernshausen
51.56638888888910.177777777778165Koordinaten: 51 ° 33 ' 59 " N, 10 ° 10' 40" E
Bern Hausen is a district of the municipality in the district of Göttingen Seeburg and belongs to Untereichsfeld. The village has about 590 inhabitants.
- 3.1 parish church of St. Peter and Paul
- 3.2 Former Curtis
Geographical location
Bernhausen, about seven kilometers north-west of Duderstadt in the middle of the Golden Mark on the east side of the lake Seeburger. The district covers 5.39 km ² and is located in the valley of the floodplain, which opens at Germershausen in the wallow, a tributary of the Hahle. The highest elevation is the waiting mountain (about 190 m) north of the town.
Seeburg is located west, other neighboring places are Wollbrandshausen in the northeast, Germer in the east and in the south Seulingen.
History
Some finds from the district Bernhausen occupy a settlement area in the Neolithic period. However, it can not demonstrate continuous settlement. Excavations revealed, which is believed to have been created about 400 m south of the present Aueauslaufs in the 7th century a refuge castle. This plant has probably existed until the 12th century. The first documentary mention of the place falls The Corveyer goods directory in a copy from 1476 is a donation to the monastery of Corvey in that same period, the time from 835 to 845. At the turn of the millennium a Adelshof Bernshausen is attested: In 1013, Emperor Henry II the court in Bernshuson the diocese of Paderborn. From 1250 to the 15th century, members of the local noble family, the Knights of Bernhausen appeared in various documents in evidence. These knights were in a Lehnverhältnis to the Counts of Berg Lauter, who had many possessions in place. During this time, now excavated by archeology lowland castle was south of the floodplain. From 1237 the Bernhäuser district court is mentioned; it comprised about 10 villages and deserted villages in the northern calibration field and obviously enjoyed high reputation among the nobility, as shown by several documented references.
From the middle of the 13th century, a noble family can prove that named by the place. So take for example Wedekin of Bernshausen 1230 and 1241 Giseler v. B. 1246 Rothart 1254 Lippolt 1275 and 1290. The latter possessed a tithe before Seulingen. More tangible representative of the family are Werner 1289-1314; Hans and his brother Luprand had two hooves before Seulingen. Some members preferred the early 14th century to Duderstadt, where they brought it to wealth and prestige, it is detected as Mayor for the year 1338 Heinrich von Bern Hausen. Until the 15th century the family played in their main town and Duderstadt have a certain role, before it finally became extinct. This was preceded by numerous goods disposals of the family, so selling 1353 Dietrich von Bern Hausen nine acres of land in a fraction to Gieboldehausen to his brother Curd von Wulfen for four marks lötigen silver. Seven years later, Dietrich sold to the said party Curd three courtyards, an eight word on the water to Bernhausen, eternal Spicker and interest on redemption for seven marks lötigen silver. 1378 sell Jutte of Bern Hausen, widow of John, and their son Hans in her Vorwerk Nesselröden and use of grass in the deserted village Nackenrode half of Albrecht v. B. and his wife Jutte for 32 and a half Duderstädter Mark. Further sales occur among others as gifts, as confirmed Archbishop Conrad III. of Mainz in 1430 a rich transfer of the Lords of Bern squatting at the Seeburger Roland gentlemen. It was an annual Gülte of 6 and a half shillings a yard and house, two and a half Four thing from a castle home and the associated point and shares in the mill.
The Bernhäuser coat of arms was first mentioned in 1423: The Duderstädter Councilman Werner von Bern Hausen leads in blazon three roses on a right-wing slant beams.
An increasing role played since the 14th century the archbishopric of Mainz. After initial interests in marine fisheries and the Court also land now came about, which was managed from 1454 in the form of a manorial main courtyard. With the end of the Middle Ages Bernhausen gradually lost its importance.
In the years 1438 and 1626 Bernhausen was destroyed in the context of acts of war; 1897 destroyed by the great fire parts of the village and called 100 homeless.
At least since the beginning of the 15th century Bernhausen belonged to the Official Gieboldehausen, from 1885 to the district Duderstadt. Today Bernhausen district of the municipality within the Seeburg Samtgemeinde Radolfshausen is in the district of Göttingen.
For the district of the place formerly belonged to the greater part of Seeburger lake, an important source of income through fishing and other uses, today conservation and recreation area. Bernhausen is one of the most researched archaeological villages in Lower Saxony.
On January 1, 1973 Bern Hausen was incorporated into the neighbor municipality Seeburg.
Judiciary
Not only extensive properties claimed by the Counts of Loud Mountain, but it is also evidence that they understood Bernhausen as the center of their realm. The grave lay the two last Count Otto and Heyso of Lauter mountain was in the local church. In addition, they also occurred in 1237 as a court masters of Montgoger Report Creation of Bern Hausen. The district court was place under the open sky, quite common in the Middle Ages, and was on the point of the Lindenhof, a part of the former Curtis von Bern Hausen, which was slightly increased at this point. The name Lindenhof suggests that a court Linde was located there as well.
The gekorenen and sworn judges of the Court and Gografen to Bernhausen sat down in the 14th century, mainly from members of the surrounding gentry together, including the names are for Hermann von Bern Hausen ( 1369 ) and Hermann Rieme ( 1389-1411 ) called. Since the 15th century the Gograf is still only listed as gekorener and sworn judges. The Mainz Hofgerichtsordnung of 1516, the Kurmainzische lower court order of 1534 and the eichsfeldische District Court order helped to integrate the regional courts of Bern Hausen and Duderstadt in a modern legal system. In Salbuch in 1785, the tavern named as a traditional meeting place for the keeping of the high and Rügegerichts Zur Linde, where the court was being held by the incumbent Gieboldehäuser magistrate and the actuary, as well as by the court 13 aldermen. In court days following places in Bern Hausen had their duty of attendance: Bernhausen, Rollshausen, Seeburg, Wollbrandshausen, Renshausen, Krebeck, Lake Constance, Seulingen, Germershausen, half of the Lindau office village Bilshausen, Desingerode, Esplingerode, Werxhausen and Gieboldehäusener deserted dead Hausen. Each municipality gave it a court of aldermen, Renshausen was the exception, it was represented by Krebeck.
With the transition to the Kingdom of Prussia, which had initially Duderstadt and soon occupied the entire calibration field on August 3, 1802, the court was resolved to Bernhausen the following year. Prussia was the calibration field, after Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 24 March 1803 awarded. Today still remember various field names, such as the Galgenweg, which runs south of the Seeburger lake, to the erstwhile district court.
Culture and sights
Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul
In the Bernshäusener church 's history was the first house of worship, a first in the Romanesque style held, later turned into a gothic remodeled church Represent was located in the old center of the resort, while today's Catholic Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul was built on a slightly elevated location. The designs come here from Cologne cathedral builder Vinzenz Statz and date back to the year 1876. Was planned, a spacious, three-aisled hall church with a length of 36 m and a width of 14 m including transept erect. The installation of the 48 m high tower with four Eckgalerien and a crowning wreath gallery exhibits a peculiarity in Untereichsfeld Represents the nave and the choir are spanned by the same high ribbed vault where the keystones and the adjoining ribs pieces are painted in color. Cross the center of the widest part of the nave, the arms were closed polygonal shaped and can be found in a kind of clover plant resist. The same type of cross- arms was applied also in the design of the choir. The nave has the dimensions of the double aisle width of about 7 m and includes five octagonal pillars which support the arcades. The inventory of the church presents itself to the altar, the pulpit and the baptismal font in neo-Gothic style. As in many other Gothic churches of the Eichsfeld one finds the evangelists topic in the main altar in the local parish church. A statue of Our Lady dates from the year 1470, while another baptismal font dating back to the year 1709. Unlike the previously mentioned baptismal font but would function as the holy stone in the tower hall and is decorated with cherubs heads, garlands of fruit and a clam shell relief.
Former Curtis
The Curtis of Bern Hausen was first mentioned in a document of Emperor Henry II and refers to a main courtyard of the Saxon nobility of Immedinger, of which 845 are already to be found in the traditions Corveyer property records for Bernhausen. Dated is the life of the court of the 8th to the 12th century. Curtis was explored in 1988 by the county historic preservation Göttingen and was immediately at Seeburger See the northwest on a small island which has a length of 600 m and a maximum width of 180 m had since the Seespiegelstang in the Middle Ages was higher than today. Affiliated Curtis were found rural settlement areas and craft workshops: Remnants of large buildings in wooden post construction, basement -like sunken pit dwellings, easy storage pits and a stone brick water were exposed to the year 1996. Probably enclosed a narrow Sohlgraben into the courtyard, on the further materials of ceramic, metal, bone, stone and charred paleobotanical remains were excavated. Through these findings it is concluded that the then local crafts, consisting possessed of iron and lead processing, bone carving and weaving, long distance relationships to Thuringia and northern Hesse. In the southern part of the island, the Curtis long in the northwestern part, standing at 300 meters an elaborately built fortifications. They were discovered in 1980 and identified two phases, of which the first is dated to the 7th to the 10th century, during the second phase of the 10th century was realized by a new building.
Economy and infrastructure
Played a special role in Bernhausen has always been the livestock industry and the associated high cattle and horse stock. So there were in 1780, 72 horses, 96 cows, 36 large and 30 small cattle, 109 pigs, 234 geese and 200 sheep. The number of horses took place under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of West piles sharply, so that in 1810 only counted 55 horses, but the number of animals the way remained constant. By the end of the 19th century the importance of the livestock sector increased again, this witness 1892 177 cattle, 498 sheep, 363 pigs, 111 goats and 6 beehives. The rolling pastures operation was mainly determined by the cows, calves, foals, pigs, and geese shepherds and the shepherds. In many cases, it came with the hats to inconsistencies and processes, although the precise rules were laid down. Another peculiar feature the Löffelschnitzerei represents a descendant of the 1690 deceased school teacher Heinrich Ilman, Georg Ilemann, found at the beginning of the 19th century as a setting swineherd in Landolfshausen. When hats on the Westerberg he learned the Arts & Culture of the carving. After his marriage in 1833 he intensified the carving, made in this way spoon, mainly made of maple wood and sold them for 4 pennies apiece. The wood was mainly sourced from the Radolfshäuser and Göttingen forests. After George died Ilemann 1882, learned his three sons also the art of carving and practiced this activity as a side business. Until the 1930s this industry was continued, one manufactured spoon, butter flutes, butter lobes, ladles, spoons, and similar equipment and watch sales these items by Eichsfelder peddlers, and merchants of Göttingen, Elze, Hildesheim and Hannover.