Bistrița
Bistrita ( [ Bistritsa ]? / I, Bistrita German, Hungarian Beszterce [ bɛstɛrt ͜ sɛ ] ) is a city in the northeast of Transylvania in a circle Bistrita-Nasaud in Romania. Bistrita is the center of Nösnerlandes. Through the city flows the river of the same Bistrita. In the vicinity is the Bargau Mountains, on whose slopes also a wine growing area lies. The old German name NOESEN also referred to Bistrita.
History
The city was founded by German settlers, the Saxons as the primary settlement in the 12th century. The first written mention is found in an account of the Mongol invasion of 1241, which states that on the Tuesday after Easter that year, the Tatars would have destroyed the market Nosa. 1264 the place was first called as a city, at that time still under the name NOESEN.
In 1308 the Beszterce Mark was mentioned as means of payment. In 1353 the town was granted market rights and the right to own seal. 1366 finally they came together with their surrounding countryside to enjoy the rights of the Golden free letter. In the following, Bistrita developed into a City Republic, guided by its merchants and guilds. Being the center of so-called Nösnergaus the city had national significance and was the northernmost outpost of the Kingdom soil.
Until 1919 Bistrita belonged to Austria - Hungary. Between 1919 and 1940 the city was romanian, then, by the second Vienna Award to 1944 Hungarian again. In the fall of 1944, the German inhabitants were evacuated by the Wehrmacht. Since the end of the Second World War, the city belongs to Romania.
Structure
Districts of the city are Ghinda ( Ventspils ), Sărata ( salt), Sigmir ( Schönbirk ) Slătiniţa ( Pintak ), Unirea ( Walldorf) and Viişoara ( Heidedorf ).
Population
Until about 1890 lived in the town of Bistrita 60.6 % German -speaking and 25 % Romanian-speaking people. The highest number ( 82 336 ) in the town itself - at the same time the Romanians ( 74 323 ) and Roma ( 1368 ) - In 1992, the Magyars ( 7,374 ) in 1941, which counted the Germans ( 5887 ) 1900. In the area of the city 2002 81.259 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 73 613 as known to Romanians, 5,204 as Magyars, 1,958 as Roma and 370 as German. Furthermore, since 1850, also Ukrainians ( highest number 38, 1930), Serbs (highest number 12, 1930) and Slovaks (highest number 133, 1890) were recorded with each shot. 2011 75.076 people were counted in the field Bistriţas.
Economy
Bistrita is the site of two works of Leoni AG, a development and system suppliers to the automotive industry. In the 2002 and 2003 inaugurated factories wiring systems are produced.
Sports
The Club Gloria Bistrita plays 2010/11 in the Romanian League 1
Check-in
The nearest airport is Cluj-Napoca - Cluj ( about 107 km). This is served by several major airports such as Munich and Budapest.
Attractions and cultural institutions
- Protestant parish church in the center of Bistrita with 75 meters high tower, whose construction began in 1470 and while not quite completed restoration work on 11 June 2008 was severely damaged by fire. Furthermore, it has an organ by John Prause.
- Evangelical rectory dating from the 14th century ( renovated in 1998 )
- Museum of Local History
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the town
- Calin Albut ( b. 1981 ), the Romanian football player
- Sergiu Costin ( b. 1983 ), the Romanian football player
- Alfred Csallner (1895-1995), priest and writer
- Franz Karl Franchy (1896-1972), Austrian writer
- Arnold Graffi (1910-2006), oncologist
- Stefan H. Hedrich (1919-2010), developer of the Transrapid
- Kalinikos Kreanga (born 1972 ), Greek table tennis players
- Viorel Moldovan ( b. 1972 ), the Romanian football player
- Lucian Sânmărtean ( b. 1981 ), the Romanian football player
- Günter Zamp Kelp ( * 1941 ), Austrian architect
- Wilhelm Zehner (1883-1938), General of Infantry in the Austrian army
Personalities associated with Bistrita
- Miron Cristea (1868-1939), Romanian Orthodox Patriarch and briefly prime minister in the interwar period, attended high school in Bistrita
- Gustav Adolf Gratz (1875-1946), journalist, politician, historian and economist, attended high school in Bistrita
- Josef Haltrich, (1822-1886), priest and folklorist, lived in 1848 in Bistrita
- Ernst Wagner (1921-1996), agricultural scientist, attended high school in Bistrita