Chickasaw language

Spoken in

  • Muskogee languages Western Muskogean languages Chickasaw

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The Chickasaw, also Chikasha, is a North American Indian language of the language family of Muskogee languages. It is agglutinative and follows the pattern Subject Object Verb The language is closely related to the Choctaw and mutually understood usually, though not always. Chickasaw is spoken by the people of Chickasaw, now in southeastern Oklahoma to the city Ada (Oklahoma) live.

  • 2.1 verb 2.1.1 pronominal affixes
  • 2.1.2 Verbgrade

Lute

Consonants

The Chikasha has 16 consonants. In the table below the consonants are written in orthography. The phonetic transcription of each consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA ) right written any orthographic letter when the orthography of the IPA symbol is different.

  • W is labiovelar.
  • Unvoiced plosives p, t, k are aspirates [ p ʰ, t ʰ, k ʰ ], especially in the initial position.

Vowels

The Chikasha has 9 vowels:

The Chikasha vowels differ in their length and nasality. Short vowels are centralized: the short "i" is phonetically [ ɪ ], the short o is phonetically [o ] and the short a is phonetically [ ə ].

Short vowels are phonetically also prolonged when they occur as a sequence of several open syllables in the second syllable. For example, the word sahashaa phonetically [ saha ˑ ʃa ː ]. The lengthened short vowel is normally in its length between a short and a long vowel. However varied the phonetic version with the different speakers and also with the phonetic environment. The extension never occurs word-finally and is further limited by certain morphological criteria ( Gordon et al., 2000).

Grammar

Verb

Pronominal affixes

Verbs (eg, subject, direct object, indirect object) are indicated by pronominal affixes ( prefixes and suffixes ) that are added to the verb. The pronominal affixes are aligned with number and person.

The Chikasha has an active stand - pronominal system with two basic sets of pronouns: an active series ( I) and a stative series (II). In addition has the Chikasha dative (III ), negative (N) and inverse (IR) series.

The active series is used for active intransitive subjects and transitive active subjects. The active series is shown in the following table:

In the 3rd person lacks an affix and usually does not distinguish between singular and plural. The affix of the first person singular is a suffix, while the other affixes are prefixes. The first person plural has two forms: il - is used before vowels and ii - is used before consonants - therefore il - iyya " we ", ii - malli " we jump ." "Jump" An example of the verb malli is shown below (underlined with the pronominal affixes ):

The tripod series ( II) below. This series is used to indicate intransitive tripod stand subjects and direct objects:

" Thick " example with intransitive Tripod subjects lhinko:

" Look at ( someone) " example with direct objects, pisa (the subject in the Paradigmus below is highlighted as it is in the third person):

Both active and stand - affixes can occur together, namely, when the active affix the active subject and the stand - Affix refers to the direct object. Active prefixes occur tripod prefixes. When ish "Active 2nd person singular " before sa- "tripod first person singular " comes, results - issa ( the sh assimilation s ). Similarly, results hash "Active 2nd person plural" sa- as - Hassani. "Look at" The full Paradigmus of pisa below:

Verbgrade

  • Verbgrade ( gemination, epenthesis )
Choctaw language Letter (alphabet) Labial consonant Alveolar consonant Velar consonant Glottal consonant Bilabial consonant Labiodental consonant Fricative consonant Approximant consonant Labiovelar consonant Close vowel Open vowel Grammatical number
182881
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