Conophytum
Conophytum truncatum
Conophytum is a plant genus of the family of Mesembryanthemum plants ( Aizoaceae ). The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words κωνος ( conus ) for " cone" and φυτόν ( phyton ) for " plant" and refers to the many types of conical fused leaves.
Description
The plants of the genus Conophytum grow compact to lawn making. They form flat mats, domed shaped pillow or messy, low tuft. The inverted - cone-shaped, spherical, cylindrical or conical body is made from a pair of plants fully, or almost the entire length of each intergrown leaves, which are often separated by a gap at the top. The green to brown, reddish or whitish blue leaves are glabrous to densely papillose and dotted or lined on its end face usually and often velvety, warty or fenestrated. Old leaves turn during the dry period in a dry shell that protects the newly formed leaves. The outer epidermal layer contains crystal sand, where the crystals are towards the base usually larger from the blade tip.
The bracts are hidden in the plant body. The stalked flowers appear singly or in small groups of up to three individual flowers. The calyx is four to achtzipflig. The basal overgrown, pink, lilac - purple, black -purple, red, maroon, orange, gold, yellow, brown or white petals form a tube. The stamens are white, yellow, green, red or purple. The short or long ovary is sometimes not adherent and has three to eight carpels.
Most types bloom in autumn. The flowers open either on the day or at dusk or at night. Some species exhibit an extraordinary flowering behavior. Conophytum burgeri opens the blossoms only in the evening for an hour. Conophytum smorenskaduense closes the flowers after opening no more. Some species ( for example Conophytum rugosum ) are cleistogamous, ie they do not open the flowers.
Resemble the three to eight fächrigen fruits which the genus Delosperma. The very small, usually golden-brown, rarely dark or pale brown seeds are pear - up almost spherical, and 0.5 to 0.75 mm long and 0.30 to 0.35 mm wide.
Systematics, chromosome number and distribution
The distribution of the genus Conophytum extends from Lüderitz in Namibia southwards to Warmbad and in South Africa in the Northern Cape through Namaqualand, via Calvinia, ranging west until after Kenhardt (municipality Kai! Garib ) and in the south to Cape Town. From Cape Town, it extended in a narrow strip until after Steytlerville in the Western Cape Province. The main distribution area of the species is the Namaqualand. The plants grow on well-drained rocky ground in a variety of substrates, often in rock crevices or boulders and often together with mosses and lichens. The annual rainfall is below 300 mm, with the majority falling in the winter.
The number of chromosomes is rare.
The first description was published in 1922 by Nicholas Edward Brown. The type species is Conophytum truncatum. According to Steven A. Hammer ( born 1951 ), the genus is divided into two subgenera and include the following types:
- Subgenus '' ' Conophytum ''' section barbata Conophytum depressum
- Conophytum phoeniceum
- Conophytum pubicalyx
- Conophytum stephanii Conophytum stephanii subsp. stephanii
- Conophytum stephanii subsp. helmutii
- Conophytum armianum
- Conophytum breve
- Conophytum calculus Conophytum calculus subsp. calculus
- Conophytum calculus subsp. vanzylii
- Acutum Conophytum
- Conophytum maughanii Conophytum maughanii subsp. maughanii
- Conophytum maughanii subsp. armeniacum
- Conophytum maughanii subsp. latum
- Conophytum comptonii
- Conophytum ficiforme
- Conophytum hammeri
- Conophytum joubertii
- Conophytum minimum
- Conophytum obcordellum Conophytum piluliforme subsp. obcordellum
- Conophytum piluliforme subsp. rolfii
- Conophytum piluliforme subsp. stena drum
- Conophytum piluliforme subsp. piluliforme
- Conophytum piluliforme subsp. edwardii
- Conophytum truncatum subsp. truncatum
- Conophytum truncatum subsp. viridicatum
- Conophytum uviforme subsp. uviforme
- Conophytum uviforme subsp. Decoratum
- Conophytum uviforme subsp. rauhii
- Conophytum uviforme subsp. subincanum
- Conophytum angelicae Conophytum angelicae subsp. angelicae
- Conophytum angelicae subsp. tetragonum
- Conophytum carpianum
- Conophytum halenbergense
- Conophytum hians
- Conophytum sounding hard tense Conophytum sounding hard tense subsp. sounding hard tense
- Conophytum sounding hard tense subsp. baradii
- Conophytum quaesitum subsp. quaesitum
- Conophytum quaesitum subsp. densipunctatum
- Subgenus Derenbergia section Biloba Conophytum bilobum Conophytum bilobum subsp. bilobum
- Conophytum bilobum subsp. altum
- Conophytum bilobum subsp. gracilistylum
- Conophytum velutinum subsp. velutinum
- Conophytum velutinum subsp. polyandrum
- Conophytum bruynsii
- Conophytum khamiesbergense
- Conophytum reconditum Conophytum reconditum subsp. reconditum
- Conophytum reconditum subsp. buysianum
- Conophytum roodiae subsp. roodiae
- Conophytum roodiae subsp. corrugatum
- Conophytum roodiae subsp. sanguineum
- Conophytum blandum
- Conophytum herreanthus Conophytum herreanthus subsp. herreanthus
- Conophytum herreanthus subsp. rex
- Marginatum marginatum var Conophytum
- Conophytum marginatum var karamoepense
- Conophytum marginatum var littlewoodii
- Conopytum albiflorum
- Conopytum auriflorum Conopytum auriflorum subsp. auriflorum
- Conopytum auriflorum subsp. turbiniforme
- Conopytum ectypum subsp. ectypum Conopytum ectypum subsp. ectypum brownii var
- Conopytum minusculum subsp. minusculum
- Conopytum minusculum subsp. leipoldti
- Conopytum swanepoelianum subsp. swanepoelianum
- Conopytum swanepoelianum subsp. proliferans
- Conopytum tantillum subsp. tantillum
- Conopytum tantillum subsp. amicorum
- Conopytum tantillum subsp. helenae
- Conopytum tantillum subsp. inexpectatum
- Conopytum tantillum subsp. lindenianum
- Conopytum caroli
- Conopytum concordans
- Conophytum Devium Conophytum Devium subsp. Devium
- Conophytum Devium subsp. stiriiferum
- Conophytum lithopsoides Conophytum lithopsoides subsp. lithopsoides
- Conophytum lithopsoides subsp. arturolfago
- Conophytum lithopsoides subsp. boreal
- Conophytum lithopsoides subsp. koubergense
- Conophytum pellucidum subsp. pellucidum Conophytum pellucidum subsp. pellucidum var lilianum
- Conophytum pellucidum subsp. pellucidum var neohalli
- Conophytum pellucidum subsp. cupreatum var terrestre
- Conophytum achabense
- Conophytum burgeri
- Conophytum concavum
- Conophytum ratum
- Conophytum subfenestratum
- Conophytum fulleri
- Conophytum smorenskaduense Conophytum smorenskaduense subsp. smorenskaduense
- Conophytum smorenskaduense subsp. hermarium
- Conophytum bachelorum Conophytum bachelorum subsp. bachelorum
- Conophytum bachelorum subsp. sponsaliorum
- Conophytum bolusiae subsp. bolusiae
- Conophytum bolusiae subsp. primavernum
- Conophytum ernstii subsp. ernstii
- Conophytum ernstii subsp. cerebellum
- Conophytum flavum subsp. flavum
- Conophytum flavum subsp. novicium
- Conophytum gratum subsp. gratum
- Conophytum gratum subsp. marlothii
- Conophytum minutum var minutum
- Conophytum minutum var nudum
- Conophytum minutum var pearsonii
- Conophytum obscurum subsp. obscurum
- Conophytum obscurum subsp. barbatum
- Conophytum obscurum subsp. vitreopapillum
- Conophytum ricardianum subsp. ricardianum
- Conophytum ricardianum subsp. rubriflorum
- Conophytum taylorianum subsp. taylorianum
- Conophytum taylorianum subsp. ernianum
- Conophytum taylorianum subsp. rosynense
- Conophytum wettsteinii subsp. wettsteinii
- Conophytum wettsteinii subsp. fragile
- Conophytum wettsteinii subsp. francoiseae
- Conophytum wettsteinii subsp. ruschii
Not assigned to a subgenus for the species:
- Conophytum fibuliforme
- Conophytum inornatum
- Conophytum irmae
- Conophytum tomasi