Crocus

Crocus species: Links: Crocus sativus, Right: Crocus vernus Illustration from Thomé: Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland ( 1885)

The crocuses (Crocus, in Switzerland, " the Crocus "; majority crocuses ) are a genus of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ). Your species are native to the Orient, Europe and North Africa. There are many varieties that can be summarized under the term Crocus hybrids. They are found in parks and gardens in temperate zones around the world. In Central Europe they are planted mainly as an early flowering in ornamental gardens and lawns. Crocus vernus, Crocus flavus, Crocus candidus are wild species that occur only rarely in gardens. An economically important species is the saffron crocus (C. sativus ).

Description

Crocuses are perennial herbaceous, semi- hardy to hardy geophytes, which form tubers as outlasting. The few (usually about five ) basal leaves are simple and parallel-veined; they have almost always on a whitish midrib. The leaf margin is smooth.

The release in spring or autumn flowers vary greatly in color, but purple light purple, yellow and white are predominant. They are available individually or in one to many stems loose inflorescence with bracts. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple. The Roehrig fused bracts are arranged in two circles; are either all the same polymorphic or that of the inner circle are smaller. It's just a circle with three stamens present. The short stamens are fused to the corolla tube. The anthers are yellow, white or almost black. Three carpels form a in the ground ovary. The stylus is comprised of three or more branches stylus. Pollination is by insects. Only after fertilization, the fruit pushes off the ground. Are formed dreifächerige capsule fruits that contain many seeds.

Autumn Flowering Crocus species whose seed pods appear until the following spring may be confused with autumn crocus, but having six stamens.

System

Classification by Mathew

Brian Frederick Mathew divided the genus in 1982 based on morphological features in two subgenera and several sections and series. The following list contains the 80 species known at that time as well as the 11 since neubeschriebenen species ( marked with *):

Subgenus Crocus section Crocus series Verni Crocus vernus, Crocus tommasinianus, etruscus Crocus, Crocus kosaninii, baytopiorum Crocus, Crocus ilvensis * ( Peruzzi & Carta, 2011)

Scardicus Crocus, Crocus pelistericus

Crocus versicolor, Maly Crocus, Crocus imperati, Crocus minimus, corsicus Crocus, Crocus cambessedesii

Longiflorus Crocus, Crocus nudiflorus, Crocus serotinus, Crocus niveus goulimyi Crocus, Crocus ligusticus ** ( syn. Crocus medius hort, non Balbis ) ( Mariotti, 1988)

Kotschyanus Crocus, Crocus scharojanii, Crocus valli cola, autranii Crocus, Crocus karduchorum, gilanicus Crocus, Crocus ochroleucus

Crocus sativus Crocus pallasii, thomasii Crocus, Crocus cartwrightianus, moabiticus Crocus, Crocus oreocreticus, asumaniae Crocus, Crocus hadriaticus, Crocus mathewii * ( core Dorff & Pasche, 1994), Crocus naqabensis * (Al- Eisawi, 2001)

Series Reticulati Crocus reticulatus, veluchensis Crocus, Crocus cvijicii, dalmaticus Crocus, Crocus sieberi, robertianus Crocus, Crocus cancellatus, hermoneus Crocus, Crocus abantensis, Crocus angustifolius, ancyrensis Crocus, Crocus gargaricus, sieheanus Crocus, Crocus rujanensis * ( Randjelović & al., 1990), Crocus herbertii * ( B.Matthew, 2009), Crocus jablanicensis * ( N. Randj. & V. Randj, 2012)

Crocus biflorus, Crocus chrysanthus, almehensis Crocus, Crocus danfordiae, pestalozzae Crocus, Crocus aerius, cyprius Crocus, Crocus hartmannianus, adanensis Crocus, Crocus leichtlinii, caspius Crocus, Crocus kerndorffiorum * ( Pasche, 1993), Crocus wattiorum * ( Mathew, 1995; 2000), Crocus nerimaniae * ( Yüzbasioglu & Varol, 2004), Crocus demirizianus * (O. Erol & L. Can, 2012)

Korolkowii Crocus, Crocus michelsonii, Crocus alatavicus

Crocus flavus, antalyensis Crocus, Crocus olivieri, Crocus candidus, vitellinus Crocus, Crocus graveolens, Crocus hyemalis, Crocus paschei * ( core Dorff, 1993)

Aleppicus Crocus, Crocus veneris, Crocus boulosii

Carpetanus Crocus, Crocus nevadensis

Crocus fleischeri

Crocus speciosus, Crocus pulchellus

Crocus laevigatus, boryi Crocus, Crocus tournefortii

Crocus banaticus

Phylogenetic systematics

A 2008 published phylogenetic analysis of the genus revealed the following cladogram:

Syringodea bifucata

Romulea tempskyana

Romulea ramiflora

Crocus carpetanus

Crocus nevadensis

Crocus caspius

Crocus korolkowii

Crocus alatavicus

Crocus michelsonii

Crocus Maly

Crocus banaticus

Crocus longiflorus

Crocus vernus subsp. albiflorus

Crocus etruscus

Crocus kosaninii

Crocus tommasinianus

Crocus vernus subsp. vernus

Crocus veluchensis

Crocus sieberi subsp. nivalis

Crocus robertianus

Crocus sieberi subsp. sieberi

Crocus cvijicii

Crocus rujanensis

Crocus dalmaticus

Crocus sieberi subsp. atticus

Crocus sieberi subsp. sublimis

Crocus goulimyi

Crocus ligusticus

Crocus pelistericus

Crocus scardicus

Crocus serotinus subsp. clusii

Crocus serotinus subsp. salzmannii

Crocus nudiflorus

Crocus serotinus subsp. serotinus

Crocus versicolor

Crocus cambessedesii

Crocus corsicus

Crocus minimus

Crocus imperati subsp. imperati

Crocus imperati subsp. suaveolens

Crocus niveus

Crocus valli cola

Crocus gillanicus

Crocus scharojanii

Crocus autranii

Crocus kotschyanus subsp. suworowianus

Crocus ochroleucus

Crocus kotschyanus subsp. kotschyanus

Crocus kotschyanus subsp. cappadocicus

Crocus kotschyanus subsp. hakkariensis

Crocus karduchorum

Crocus baytopiorum

Crocus asumaniae

Crocus mathewii

Crocus pallasii subsp. pallasii

Crocus pallasii subsp. dispathaceus

Crocus moabiticus

Crocus pallasii subsp. turcicus

Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii

Crocus hadriaticus

Crocus cartwrightianus

Crocus thomasii

Crocus oreocreticus

Crocus sativus

Crocus cartwrightianus

Crocus adanensis

Crocus paschei

Crocus hyemalis

Crocus graveolens

Crocus vitellinus

Crocus antalyensis

Crocus flavus subsp. flavus

Crocus candidus

Crocus olivieri subsp. olivieri

Crocus olivieri subsp. balansae

Crocus olivieri subsp. istanbulensis

Crocus boryi

Crocus laevigatus

Crocus tournefortii

Crocus fleischeri

Crocus pestalozzae

Crocus veneris

Crocus boulosii

Crocus aleppicus

Crocus gargaricus subsp. herbertii

Crocus leichtlinii

Crocus kerndorffiorum

Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena

Crocus biflorus subsp. taurii

Crocus aerius

Crocus biflorus subsp. artvinensis

Crocus almehensis

Crocus speciocus subsp. ilgazensis

Crocus speciocus subsp. xantholaimos

Crocus speciocus subsp. speciocus

Crocus pulchellus

Crocus cancellatus subsp. Lycius

Crocus cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus

Crocus cancellatus subsp. Damascenus

Crocus angustifolius

Crocus gargaricus subsp. gargaricus

Crocus sieheanus

Crocus nerimaniae

Crocus cyprius

Crocus biflorus subsp. biflorus

Crocus biflorus subsp. melantherus

Crocus cancellatus subsp. cancellatus

Crocus cancellatus subsp. pamphylicus

Crocus x jessopae

Crocus ancyrensis

Crocus abantensis

Crocus hermoneus

Crocus reticulatus subsp. hittiticus

Crocus hartmannianus

Crocus biflorus subsp. crewii

Crocus biflorus subsp. adamii

Crocus wattiorum

Crocus biflorus subsp. Isauricus

Crocus chrysanthus

Crocus reticulatus subsp. reticulatus

Crocus chrysanthus

Crocus biflorus subsp. Alexandrian

Crocus chrysanthus

Crocus biflorus subsp. weldenii

Crocus danfordiae

Crocus biflorus subsp. nubigena

Crocus biflorus subsp. punctatus

Crocus pulchricolor

Crocus biflorus subsp. stridii

Crocus biflorus subsp. leucostylosus

Were examined five regions of plastid DNA: the three proteins encoding genes ndhF, accD and rpoC1 and the two noncoding regions trnH - psbA and rpl36 - RPS8. Were included in the analysis 86 of 88 Crocus species and 50 subspecies, additionally Babiana stricta, Tigrida pavonia, Syringodea bifucata, Romulea tempskyana and Romulea ramiflora as outgroup.

Documents

S. I. Ali, Brian Mathew: Crocus. In: Flora of Pakistan, Volume 202 (online)

Perennial plant

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