Cyprinidae

Roach ( Rutilus rutilus )

The carp (Cyprinidae ) are about 2500 species, the largest family of bony fish ( Osteichthyes ) and vertebrates ( Vertebrata ). They include well-known edible fish, such as carp or ornamental fish such as goldfish. Carp fish there are in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia.

Features

The Cyprinidae family includes quite small (less than 2 cm in length), but also very large (2 m) species. The fish from this family have edentulous jaws; on the pharyngeal bones, however, are being grown teeth, which can be used to determine the species. The pharyngeal teeth are in one, two or three rows and are usually against a horn plate at the skull base, the so-called carp or millstone moves. Furthermore, the carp -like do not have a trained stomach, the esophagus passes directly into the midgut. The swim bladder is two to several parts and a series of eight small bones ( Weberian apparatus ) connected to the inner ear, so that a good sound wave transmission is possible. Characteristic of the Cyprinidae of tuberculate and the shock substance is also (alarm substance in special skin cells), which warns schooling fish, when one of them was seized by a predator (pike, heron).

Dissemination

The original habitat of carp fish includes North America, Europe, Africa and Asia. You are lacking in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand and all the oceanic islands. Most carp fish live in fresh water, only a few species, such as ide, bream and goat in the Baltic Sea, to go in brackish water.

In Europe, they are missing only in Norway, Iceland and north of the Kola Peninsula. In Africa and Asia, there are no carp in the desert regions of the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Even Siberia north of the Arctic Circle, the Kamchatka Peninsula, the northern Philippines, Sulawesi and the islands east of the Wallace line are without carp fish. In North America they live between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer, but missing from Newfoundland, in Northern Labrador and come in Alaska before only in the upper and middle reaches of the Yukon River.

Some species, such as endemic in the Peloponnese and in the western central Greece Pseudophoxinus stymphalicus have an extremely small area of ​​distribution.

The carp and more significant for human consumption species were spread by people almost worldwide and today live in waters previously carp fish-free regions such as South America, Madagascar, Australia and New Zealand.

Nutrition

Most carp are omnivores that eat a variety of small invertebrates and algae. Pure herbivores living grass carp, silver carp feeds on phytoplankton, the asp is a predator.

System

There is no generally accepted classification of inner carp fish. They are divided into a number of partially controversial subfamilies. Nelson ( 2006) performs the following sub- families:

  • Bitterlings ( Acheilognathinae )
  • Barbel ( Barbinae )
  • Cultrinae
  • Cyprininae
  • Gründlingsverwandte ( Gobioninae )
  • Labeoninae
  • Leuciscinae ("white fish " )
  • Danios ( Rasborinae )
  • Squaliobarbinae
  • Tench ( Tincinae )
  • Xenocyprininae

Some species could still be assigned to any subfamily:

  • Acanthalburnus Berg, 1916.
  • Acanthobrama Heckel, 1843.
  • Acrossocheilus Oshima, 1919.
  • Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008.
  • Balantiocheilos Bleeker, 1860.
  • Bangana Hamilton, 1822.
  • Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes Capoeta, 1842.
  • Catlocarpio Boulenger, 1898.
  • Cirrhinus Oken, 1817.
  • Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859.
  • Cyprinion Heckel, 1843.
  • Discogobio Lin, 1931.
  • Gobiocypris Ye & Fu, 1983.
  • Gymnocypris Günther, 1868.
  • Hemigrammocypris Fowler, 1910.
  • Iberocypris Doadrio, 1980.
  • Mystacoleucus Günther, 1868.
  • Oreinus
  • Pachychilon Steindachner, 1882.
  • Paracheilognathus
  • Phreatichthys Vinciguerra, 1924
  • Poropuntius Smith, 1931.
  • Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870.
  • Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1865.
  • Rectoris Lin, 1935.
  • Rohtee Sykes, 1839.
  • Sawbwa Annandale, 1918.
  • Semiplotus Bleeker, 1860.
  • Spinibarbichthys
  • Spinibarbus Oshima, 1919.
  • Telestes Bonaparte, 1837.
  • Tiaroga
  • Tor Gray, 1834.
  • Varicorhinus Rüppell, 1835.
  • Xenocyprioides Chen, 1982.
  • Yaoshanicus Lin, 1931.

Early 2013, the already erected in 1860 by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker subfamily Oxygastrinae for numerous far the barb ( Danioninae ) associated with the East Asian species was revalidated and the subfamilies Cultrinae, Hypophthalmichthyinae, Opsariichthyinae, Squaliobarbinae and Xenocypridinae synonymized with the Oxygastrinae.

Common roach Taxonomic rank#All ranks Ostariophysi Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Ide (fish) Pelasgus stymphalicus Bala shark Giant barb Phreatichthys andruzzii Hessischer Rundfunk Copeia Zootaxa FishBase
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