Darwinia (plant)
Darwinia leiostyla in its natural habitat in the Stirling Range, Western Australia
Darwinia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ). All about 52 species are originally found only in Australia.
Description
Appearance and leaves
Darwinia species grow as evergreen shrubs that reach heights of growth of 0.2 to 3 meters. They contain essential oils.
The all kinds ( decussate ) to continuously arranged on the branches leaves are petiolate or sessile. The herbaceous or leathery, simple leaf blades are flattened cylindrical and linear or bilateral, always glabrous, glandular- dotted and smell aromatic. There are no stipules present.
Inflorescences, flowers and pollination
The inflorescences are clusters of solitary in the axils of bracts green or colored flowers at the ends of the branches. Two bracts surround the flower buds.
The relatively small to medium sized, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The free flower cup ( hypanthium ) is bell - to tubular and usually extends beyond the ovary; he is often significantly fünfrippig or wrinkled at the bottom. The top five relatively small, durable sepals are more or less kronblattartig and entire. The five free, short spiked petals are entire, elliptic, ovate or oblong. The petals generally encase the lower portion of the punch. The colors of the petals are mostly white to cream-colored, but may also be partially or completely red to purple, its rare green to yellow. The stamens are curved in the bud straight or inward. Ten fertile, more or less equal stamens alternate with ten staminodes, which may be kronblattartig, from. The thread-like stamens are fused with each other and may be fused with the petals. The look-alike, spherical dust bag open at the upper region with pores. It is a discus available. Two carpels are fused into a semi- permanent under, unilocular ovary. In basal placentation two to ten anatrope ovules are arranged. The enveloped by the petals, simple, long stylus protrudes beyond the petals, has a group of hairs below the scar.
Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ) or birds ( Ornithophilie ). In Darwinia pimelioides is self-fertilization before ( autogamy ).
Fruit and seeds
The indehiscent fruits are usually single-seeded nut fruits. The corolla is in the fruits still available.
Chromosome number
The basic chromosome number is n = 6 In many species, diploidy occurs, ie 2n = 12
Distribution and threat
The genus Darwinia is with about 51 species widely distributed in Australia. On the Australian continent, the species in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia occur. The center of diversity is in southern Western Australia.
Darwinia foetida is considered " Critically Endangered " = " threatened with extinction ". As " Endangered " = " high risk " will be assessed: Darwinia acerosa, Darwinia apiculata, Darwinia carnea, Darwinia chapmaniana, Darwinia collina, Darwinia ferritic cola, Darwinia oxylepis, Darwinia polychroma, Darwinia whicherensis, Darwinia wittwerorum. Darwinia biflora, Darwinia masonii, Darwinia meeboldii, Darwinia nubigena, Darwinia squarrosa are classified as " Vulnerable " = 'vulnerable '.
System
The genus Darwinia in 1815, by Edward Rudge Add in A Description of several new Species of Plants from New Holland: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Volume 11, pp. 299 installed. Type species is Darwinia fascicularis Rudge. The genus name honors the English poet Darwinia, physician and botanist Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), the grandfather of Charles Darwin. Since George Bentham in Flora Australiensis, Volume 3, Myrtaceae to Compositae, 1865 was no revision of the genus Darwinia.
Synonyms for Darwinia Rudge are: Cryptostemon F.Muell. ex Miq. , Francisia Endl. , Genetyllis DC., Hedaroma Lindl., Polyzone Endl. , Schuermannia F.Muell .. There is the homonym Darwinia Raf. as a genus of the family Fabaceae published in Constantine S. Rafinesque - Schmaltz: Florula Ludoviciana, or, a flora of the state of ..., 1817, p 106
The genus belongs to the tribe Darwinia Chamelaucieae in the subfamily Myrtoideae within the family of Myrtaceae.
There are about Keighery since 2009, about 52 ( to about 70 to 90) Darwinia species:
- Darwinia acerosa W.Fitzg.
- Darwinia apiculata N.G.Marchant
- Darwinia biflora ( Cheel ) B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia briggsiae Craven & S.R.Jones
- Darwinia camptostylis B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia capitellata Rye
- Darwinia carnea C.A.Gardner
- Darwinia chapmaniana Keighery: This endemic species occurs only in a small area west of Coorow and Marchagee ago in southern Western Australia. It is considered as " Endangered " = " critically endangered ".
- Darwinia citriodora ( Endl. ) Benth.
- Darwinia collina Gardner
- Darwinia diminuta B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia diosmoides ( DC.) Benth.
- Darwinia divisa Keighery & N.G.Marchant
- Darwinia fascicularis Rudge
- Darwinia ferritic cola Keighery: it is only from the Scott Coastal Plain east of Augusta in southern Western Australia known. It is considered as " Endangered " = " critically endangered ".
- Darwinia foetida Keighery: This endemic species is known only from three localities near the town of Muchea in southern Western Australia. There are at least 1300 copies. This species is considered " Critically Endangered " = " threatened with extinction ".
- Darwinia glaucophylla B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia grandiflora ( Benth. ) R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.
- Darwinia helichrysoides ( Meisn. ) Benth.
- Darwinia hortiorum KRThiele: This rare species is known only from five localities, each with estimated about 500 copies, in a total area of about 3 × 3 km in the Monadnock - Conservation Park and adjacent ring Boone State Forest. This is the type of vegetation Jarrah Forest on soils over granite rocks and loam or loamy- clayey soils. Bushfires occur in these areas, but it turns out that young plants are found on burnt ground and this presumably favors a rejuvenation of the stock.
- Darwinia hypericifolia ( Turcz. ) Domin
- Darwinia leiostyla ( Turcz. ) Domin
- Darwinia leptantha B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia macrostegia ( Turcz. ) Benth.
- Darwinia masonii C.A.Gardner
- Darwinia meeboldii C.A.Gardner
- Darwinia micropetala ( F.Muell. ) Benth.
- Darwinia neil diana F.Muell.
- Darwinia nubigena Keighery: It is endemic to the Stirling Range National Park in southern Western Australia. This species is considered " Vulnerable " = "at risk".
- Darwinia oederoides ( Turcz. ) Benth.
- Darwinia oldfieldii Benth.
- Darwinia oxylepis ( Turcz. ) NGMarchant & Keighery
- Darwinia pauciflora Benth.
- Darwinia peduncularis B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia pimelioides Cayzer & F.W.Wakef.
- Darwinia pinifolia ( Lindl. ) Benth.
- Darwinia polycephala Gardner
- Darwinia polychroma Keighery: She's just too mainly on roads and railways in the area of Carnamah found in southern Western Australia. This species is considered " Endangered " = " critically endangered ".
- Darwinia procera B.G.Briggs
- Darwinia purpurea ( Endl. ) Benth.
- Darwinia repens A.S.George
- Darwinia salina Craven & S.R.Jones
- Darwinia sanguinea ( Meisn. ) Benth.
- Darwinia speciosa ( Meisn. ) Benth.
- Darwinia squarrosa ( Turcz. ) Domin
- Darwinia taxifolia A.Cunn.
- Darwinia thymoides ( Lindl. ) Benth.
- Darwinia vestita ( Endl. ) Benth.
- Darwinia virescens ( Meisn. ) Benth.
- Darwinia whicherensis Keighery: it is known only from two populations on the basis of Whicher Scarp south east of Busselton in southern Western Australia. It is considered as " Endangered " = " critically endangered ".
- Darwinia wittwerorum NGMarchant & Keighery: It is endemic to the Stirling Range National Park in southern Western Australia. This species is considered " Endangered " = " critically endangered ".
Darwinia verticordina ( F.Muell. ) Benth. was made in 1991 as Verticordia verticordina ( F.Muell. ) ASGeorge in the genus Verticordia.
Use
Some Darwinia species ( for example, Darwinia citriodora, Darwinia oxylepis, Darwinia leiostyla ) are used as ornamental plants. In frost-free areas, the use of it in parks and gardens. In areas with frost, they are suitable as a pot plant. There are several varieties.