Disporum

Disporum sessile

The genus belongs to the family of Disporum Timeless plants ( Colchicaceae ). There are about 21 species that are common in Asia.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Disporum species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. There usually are geophytes. There are often underground rhizomes or stolons sometimes formed, which are often glabrous or sometimes rough. The roots are fleshy. On upright, simple or branched at the top of stems are at the lower range leaf sheaths.

The concentrated at the top of the stem and alternate arranged leaves are short -stalked or sessile. The leaf blade is linear or almost circular and has three to seven parallel leaf veins.

Inflorescence, flower, fruit and seeds

The drooping or horizontally oriented flowers are terminal or pseudo pendant on a short branch over a sheet in a doldigen inflorescence or terminal individually up to second. There are no bracts present.

The hermaphrodite flowers are triple. The six equal multiform bracts are free and are tubular and bell-like flat opening up together. The bloom is often spurred to sack -shaped at their base. The colors of the bracts ranging from white to green to yellow and pink color over dark red to dark purple. There are two circles, each with three stamens present. The inserted at the base of the bloom stamens are usually somewhat flat. Three carpels are fused to a dreikammerigen ovary. Each ovary chamber contains three to six ovules. The thin pen is three-lobed to three parts, the ends are more or less recurved.

The berries are colored when ripe dark blue to black. and two (hence the generic name Disporum ) rarely usually contain up to six seeds. The seeds are spherical to ovoid.

Systematics and distribution

The Disporum species are widespread in Russia, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia. In China, about eleven species occur, five of them only there. Three species are found only in Taiwan. Five species occur in Japan, two of them only there.

The genus Disporum in 1825 set up by David Don in Prodromus Florae nepalensis, P. 50. A homonym is Disporum Salisb. published in Richard Anthony Salisbury: Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 1, 1812, p 331 The genus name Disporum derives from the Greek language and means double seeds. A synonym for Disporum Salisb. ex D.Don is Drapiezia flower.

The genus Disporum is included in the Colchicaceae family; formerly belonged to the families Convallariaceae, Liliaceae or Uvulariaceae.

A revision of the Asiatic species of the genus Disporum took place in 1988 by H. Hara, A revision of the Asiatic species of the genus Disporum ( Liliaceae ). In: H. Ohba & SB Malla (ed.): The Himalayan Plants, Volume 1 The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 163-209. By 1994, North American species were sect as a section Disporum. Prosartes ( D.Don ) Jones placed in the otherwise Asian genus Disporum. It was spun off, now has the rank of a genus Prosartes D.Don and belongs to the subfamily Calochortoideae within the family Liliaceae. This showed micromorphological, karyological, phytochemical and Molecular phylogenetic investigation by Shinwari et al. In 1994.

There are about 21 species Disporum:

• Disporum acuminatissimum WLSha: This endemic species occurs only in Duan Yao prior to Zizhixian in the central part of the autonomous region of Guangxi.
• Disporum acuminatum CHWright: It occurs only in the northern Myanmar.
• Disporum bodinieri ( H.Lév & Vaniot. ) FTWang & Tang: It grows in woods, thickets and rocky sites at altitudes 1200-3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan.
• Disporum calcaratum D.Don: It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and southern Yunnan.
• Disporum cantoniense ( Lour. ) Merr. It comes with four varieties in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, China and Vietnam before.
• Disporum hainanense Merr. Thrives only in forests along ravines at altitudes between 500 and 1000 meters in the Chinese province of Hainan. It flowers there from December to May
• Disporum × hishiyamanum K. Suzuki: The natural hybrid between Disporum sessile and Disporum smilacinum occurs only in Japan.
• Disporum jinfoshanense XZLi, DMZhang & DYHong: This endemic species occurs only in Nanchuan in China's Chongqing municipality in an altitude of about 1200 meters.
• Disporum kawakamii Hayata: It grows in evergreen forests at altitudes 300-1700 meters in Taiwan.
• Disporum leucanthum H.Hara: It occurs in the eastern Himalayas.
• Disporum longistylum ( H.Lév & Vaniot. ) H.Hara: It grows in forests and on rocky sites at altitude 400-1800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan. It flowers there from March to June.
• Disporum lutescens ( Maxim. ) Koidz. It occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu.
• Disporum megalanthum FTWang & Tang: It grows in forests, forest edges and on grassy slopes at elevations from 1,600 to 2,500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan. It flowers from May to July there.
• Disporum nantouense SSYing: It grows in coniferous and mixed forests at altitudes 1200-2700 meters in the central Taiwan.
• Disporum sessile ( Thunb. ) D.Don ex Schult. & Schult.f. Coming into Korea and southern Sakhalin prior to the Nansei Islands.
• Disporum shimadae Hayata: It grows on grasslands at altitudes between 500 and 1100 meters in the northern Taiwan.
• Disporum smilacinum A.Gray: It comes in Yantai Shi ago in northeastern Shandong, Korea, Japan, at the southern Kurils and southern Sakhalin.
• Disporum tonkinense Koyama: It occurs only in northern Vietnam.
• Disporum trabeculatum Gagnep. Thrives in forests at altitudes 900-2000 m in Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
• Disporum uniflorum Baker: It grows in forests at altitudes 100-2500 m in Korea and the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong and Sichuan.
• Disporum viridescens ( Maxim. ) Nakai: It occurs in Japan, Korea, Russia's Far East and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.

Use

The leaves of Disporum cantoniense, Disporum sessile, Disporum smilacinum and Disporum viridescens be eaten cooked.

Disporum cantoniense and smilacinum Disporum be used as an ornamental plant.

Swell

• Liang Songyun (梁松筠) & Minoru N. Tamura: Disporum, pp. 154 - text the same online as printed work, Wu Zheng -yi and Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (Section Description, distribution and systematics)