DVD±R

The DVD -R and DVD R DVD - variants in which the data can be invariably written to a DVD. The R stands for recordable english, accommodated to German. The DVD ± R is the direct successor of the CD -R.

History and distribution

After the initial sales success of the DVD-Video equipment manufacturers of DVD players wanted to continue to increase sales by consumers not only buy time expensive DVD movies, but also can inexpensively create your own DVD videos should about his holiday. To this end, the DVD format DVD -R was created. The film industry was afraid that consumers would make copies of copyright-protected DVD videos, and ensured that the industry association DVD Forum DVD-R only specified that 1:1 copies technically difficult. A portion of the blank can not be described. This data ring prevents the burner of the consumer can copy the range, are stored in the copy protection key. Without the appropriate key to their recovery copied movie data themselves are not recyclable. This protection, however, is now technically easy to get around, which is why the film industry continued to legal protection.

Some manufacturers of DVD Forum, were unhappy with the DVD -R, because for a relatively high licensing fees to the DVD Forum are to be paid and, secondly, the special anti- copying ring on any DVD - R disc increased production costs and thus the acceptance of DVD burner was not conducive. Because even after negotiations with the DVD Forum, no agreement was reached, some manufacturers set up their own industry association: the DVD RW Alliance and developed a low-cost alternative, the DVD R. Strictly speaking, only R is called because the acronym DVD is a trademarked name of the DVD Forum. In the literature, but DVD R has become the norm, and most of the blanks for DVD R DVD R explicitly use as a label.

The DVD R was initially from the perspective of manufacturers of DVD burners counterproductive: Many consumers suspected a similar format competition as in the video tapes VHS, Betamax and Video 2000 and bought from uncertainty and given the initially very high prices at first did not have a DVD burner. The industry reacted subsequently with so-called multi recorders that could burn both R variants. Since about 2003, only burner available that can describe both variants.

Due to the fierce competition of the two formats, the prices of DVD -R and DVD R blanks were similar in sequence to each other. Since most of the properties are the same, the use of language DVD ± R has prevailed in the literature when DVD -R and DVD R are meant.

Since the DVD -R, however, is the only one recognized by the DVD Forum standard, but only -R discs may wear the official DVD logo, not the R version.

In addition to the DVD ± R, there is the rewritable DVD versions DVD ± RW and DVD-RAM. Compared to these, the DVD ± R for years the most common recordable DVD format, because it is very reasonably priced and the same manner of use allowed as his well-known and still -used predecessor CD -R. Currently, several potential successor to DVD ± R be offered and developed, such as the BD -R ( Blu -ray Disc Recordable ). The production of HD DVD was discontinued in favor of the BD -R.

Purpose

• Create your own DVD by the consumer
• Unlike other recordable DVD formats such as DVD ± RW and DVD -RAM DVD ± R is not rewritable, but only writable once. This disadvantage is also at the same time the biggest advantage of DVD ± R, DVD ± R because the order has WORM properties. That is, data once described are immutable. Should these be deleted using packet writing, they can be restored with appropriate software.
• Meanwhile go also well-known labels on to bring the first edition as a pressed DVD on the market, but then to provide the reissues on DVD -R. Because the creation of a master makes economic sense only from a circulation of around 1,000 pieces, films or music videos in so-called small series are brought (also in the Independent and Amateur - range) with smaller numbers than DVD -R on the market.

Storage capacity

The storage capacity of a DVD -R is 3.65 GB in version 1 and 4.7 GB in version 2 Furthermore, there is double layer DVD -R and DVD R, each with 8.5 GB, also dual-layer (with -R ) or double-layer DVDs ( called with -R). The exact capacity of DVD -R DL is 4171712 sectors = 8,543,666,176 bytes ~ 7,957 GiB, DVD R DL has 4173824 sectors = 8,547,991,552 bytes ~ 7.961 GiB. The DVD R DL the layer change can be freely positioned, what with the DVD -R DL is often not the case. Furthermore, it must be written with smaller amounts of data across the entire diameter in the DVD -R and DVD-R DL according to the specification - for the so-called Lead-out. The result is that the burning process lasts as long as with larger data sets. However, it is also possible with most burning programs to write a shorter lead-out. While this does not meet the specifications, but saves a lot of burn time and the disc are readable anyway in most drives.

Different DVD media of the same size class have a slightly different actual storage capacity depending on the manufacturer. example:

Technology

For writing ( and reading ) on DVD -R and DVD R, laser radiation of wavelength 650 nm is used. As in the CD -R, the digital information is "burned " into a thin layer of an organic dye. To produce the DVD ± R is a mixture of cyanine and azo lake is used.

There are several variants of the DVD-R. The DVD -R ( G) (General ) is the normal DVD -R with a copy ring to make 1:1 copies impossible, is not possible by the Booktyping and the copy of keys. DVD-R (A ) ( authoring ) is a special variant without copy protection ring, but is required for describing the DVD-R ( A) a specific, coordinated burner as for writing (but not for reading ) requires a different wavelength.

Storage of burner-specific data on the DVD-R

Burned DVD-R media contains data that provide information about the DVD burner used with the DVD-R was created, and can lead to its identification. According to DVD -R specification, there is a " Recording Management Area" ( RMA), in the data for the burn process to be " Recording Management Area Data " ( RMD) are stored. Among other things, contain the name of the drive manufacturer (Drive Manufacturer ID ) as well as the model and some manufacturers serial number of the burner.

Some of burning software offers the possibility to view RMA data from a DVD -R, in the software Nero Burning ROM, for example, under the name "Enhanced Disc Information".

For DVD R blanks, this information is not stored by default, but these data may in certain cases (for example, on " Create Data Disc " with Nero CD -DVD Speed ​​, along with the write speed curve ) are stored proprietary.