Earl of Richmond

The British aristocratic title Earl of Richmond - related to Richmond ( North Yorkshire ) - was assigned several times (see also Duke of Richmond from 1525).

Ceremonies

He seems to have existed in the 11th century and was closely associated from the beginning with the Duchy of Brittany: Alain le Roux (around 1040-1089 ), was a Norman relative of the Breton Duke Godfrey I, participants in the invasion of William the Conqueror, who received as a reward the country in various parts of England, including former property of the Earl Edwin of Mercia in Yorkshire. On one of these pieces of land he built the Castle Richmond.

His brother Alain le Noir (around 1045-1093 ) inherited this property. ( Would have to Alain le Roux and Alain le Noir grandson of Duke Godfrey which but - - see Duchy Penthièvre ) He was succeeded by Count Stephen I of Penthièvre († 1137 ), either his nephew or another brother. This Breton lords owned the land around Richmond, were often referred to as ' Earl of Richmond ', although this will not correspond to the later usual sense.

Stephen's son Alan (around 1116-1146 ) was the first real Earl of Richmond. He married Bertha, daughter and heiress of Duke Conan III of Brittany. ; whose son was Conan of Richmond married (around 1138-1171 ), Margaret of Huntingdon, sister of the Scottish king Malcolm IV. Conan of Richmond was as Conan IV Duke of Brittany and transferred Richmond for life his daughter Constance (c. 1162 -1201 ). Nevertheless fell because he left no sons, Richmond and the other English possessions after his death in 1171 to the King back.

Konstanze included three marriages, each of their husbands took the title of Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany to: Geoffrey Plantagenet (1158-1186), son of King Henry II, Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester (c. 1172 - 1232) ( this marriage was due to close kinship canceled ) and Guy de Thouars († 1213), who survived his wife by 12 years. The only son of the first marriage was Duke Arthur I. (1187-1203), which was designated during the lifetime of his mother as Earl of Richmond. After his assassination by King John, his uncle, Richmond was drafted by the Crown.

From her third husband Constance had two daughters, Alice, the elderly, the French King Philip II in 1213 was married to Peter Mauclerc of Dreux, after which Peter was dubbed to about 1235 as the Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. When he then recanted his English fiefs duties, he lost consequently all English possessions.

1241 gave king Henry III. Richmond to Peter II of Savoy (1203-1268), the uncle of his wife Eleanor of Provence, whereupon it is considered by contemporary chroniclers as Earl of Richmond. He left Richmond his niece that it was suitable on the crown.

In the same year ( 1268 ) Henry III gave. the earldom to John I of Brittany (1217-1286), the son of Peter Mauclercs, whose descendants Richmond mostly held if it had not been just seized by the crown. In 1342 it became apparent of King Edward III. confiscated and his son, John of Gaunt, given that it returned in 1372.

The earldom then went back to the Bretons back: Duke John V. ( John of Montfort ) received it, but died in 1399 without heirs, the title was then (maybe even earlier ) to the crown back. Now the earldom from the Duchy of Brittany was disconnected.

From 1414 to 1435 led John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, the title, in 1453 it was Edmund Tudor, the brother of King Henry VI .. As Edmunds son in 1485 when Henry VII ascended the throne, the title fell to the Crown back, no new Earl was appointed 40 years. With his death in 1624 the earldom became extinct final.

Earl of Richmond, First Creation ( 1136 )

  • Alain de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond, 1st Earl of Cornwall († 1146 )
  • Conan IV Duke of Brittany († 1171 )
  • Constance (1162-1201)
  • Arthur Plantagenet (1187-1203)
  • After Arthur's death, his sister Eleanor, was viewed by some as Countess of Richmond. She died in 1236.

Earl of Richmond, Second Creation ( 1219 )

  • Peter de Braine, 1st Earl of Richmond ( 1190-1250 ), deposed in 1235

Earl of Richmond, Third Creation ( 1241 )

  • Peter of Savoy, 1st Earl of Richmond ( 1203-1268 )

Earl of Richmond, Fourth Creation ( 1268 )

  • John I, Duke of Brittany, 1st Earl of Richmond ( 1217-1286 ), resigned in 1268
  • John II Duke of Brittany, 2nd Earl of Richmond ( 1239-1305 )

Earl of Richmond, Fifth Creation ( 1306)

  • John of Brittany (1266-1334)
  • Johann III. Duke of Brittany (1286-1341)

Earl of Richmond, Sixth Creation ( 1341 )

  • John of Montfort (1293-1345)

Earl of Richmond, Seventh Creation ( 1342 )

  • John of Gaunt, 1st Earl of Richmond ( 1340-1399 ), gave the earldom back in 1372.

Earl of Richmond, Eighth Ceremony ( 1372 )

  • John V Duke of Brittany (1339-1399)

Earl of Richmond, Ninth Ceremony ( 1414)

  • John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford ( 1389-1435 )

Earl of Richmond, tithe award ( 1453)

Earl of Richmond, Eleventh Ceremony ( 1613 )

  • Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox ( 1574-1624 ), 1613 1623 Earl and Duke of Richmond
  • Earldom
  • Earl of Richmond
Richmond (North Yorkshire) Alan Rufus Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany Conan III, Duke of Brittany Conan IV, Duke of Brittany Malcolm IV of Scotland Constance, Duchess of Brittany Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany Henry II of England Peter I, Duke of Brittany Henry III of England Peter II, Count of Savoy Edward III of England John V, Duke of Brittany Henry VI of England Henry VII of England John III, Duke of Brittany John IV, Duke of Brittany Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox
251778
de