Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand III, Joseph Johann Baptist von Habsburg- Tuscany. ( Born May 6, 1769 in Florence, † June 18, 1824 ibid ) from the House of Habsburg -Lorraine was Grand Duke of Tuscany, then when Ferdinand (I.) Elector of Salzburg (1803 -1806 ) and Grand Duke of Würzburg ( 1806-1814 ).
Biography
Ferdinand Joseph Johann Baptist was born in 1769 as the second son of Grand Duke Peter Leopold of the House of Habsburg -Lorraine. He received an education by German and Italian teacher and was on 22 July 1790 with the commencement of his father as Emperor ( Leopold II ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
The following year, 1791, he took over the management of the affairs of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany itself. As the first European sovereign he concluded in 1792 an agreement with the Revolutionary France, which he therefore formally recognized. In the following coalition wars of the Duke had to take a stand against France position due to the pressure of other European royal houses. On February 9, 1795 he graduated but again peace. In 1801, Ferdinand lost in the Treaty of Luneville his principality, but retained the title of Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Ferdinand, however, was compensated by the Treaty of Paris (26 December 1802) between the French Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Ferdinand's older brother, Emperor Franz II with the newly formed Electorate of Salzburg. Already in the Peace of Pressburg (26 December 1805) he had to exchange them for the Grand Duchy of Würzburg this rule again. In Würzburg Ferdinand pulled a on 1 May 1806. He was received by the people with joy and made soon for more religious freedom by loosening the Bavarian laws on religion. In foreign policy, he remained little option than staying close to France. The Grand Duchy was added later on 25 September 1806 the Confederation of the Rhine and in 1810 territorial rounded again. Only after the Battle of Leipzig sparked Ferdinand on 26 October 1813, the alliance with France and joined the Allied coalition against Napoleon. The following year brought major changes again for Ferdinand with it. Due to the Bavarian-Austrian State Treaty of 3 June 1814, he lost his possessions to Bavaria. He returned to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which was restituted on 30 May 1814 Treaty of Paris, where he died in Florence in 1824.
Ferdinand was regarded by his contemporaries as extremely passive and indecisive shy. He was considered of arts and respected monarch and representatives of enlightened absolutism.
Progeny
Grand Duke Ferdinand III. was in his first marriage to Princess Luisa Maria since 1790 of the Two Sicilies ( 1773-1802 ), second daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria, married. The marriage produced six children:
- Carolina Ferdinanda ( born August 2, 1793 † January 5, 1802 )
- Franz Leopold (* December 15, 1794, † May 18 1800 )
- Leopold, ( born October 3, 1797 † January 29, 1870 ), Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 1824-1859 )
- Maria Luisa ( born August 30, 1799 † June 15, 1857 ), unmarried
- Maria Theresia ( born March 21, 1801 † January 12, 1855 ) - married to Charles Albert I, King of Sardinia
- Stillborn son (* / † September 19, 1802 )
In his second marriage he was from 1821 to Princess Maria of Saxony ( 1796-1865 ) ( the sister of his son Leopold II ), the daughter of Prince Maximilian of Saxony and Princess Caroline of Bourbon- Parma married. This marriage remained childless.
Drive up
Duke Charles V Leopold (1643-1690) ∞ 1678 Eleanor of Austria (1653-1697)
Philip I of Bourbon (1640-1701) ∞ 1671 Elizabeth of the Palatinate (1652-1722)
Kaiser Leopold I (1640-1705) ∞ 1676 Eleonore Magdalene of the Palatinate (1655-1720)
Duke Louis Rudolph of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1671-1735) ∞ 1690 Christine Louise of Oettingen (1671-1747)
Louis of France (1661-1711) ∞ 1680 Maria Anna of Bavaria (1660-1690)
ODOARDO II Farnese (1666-1693) ∞ 1690 Dorothea Sophie of the Palatinate (1670-1748)
King Augustus II (1670-1733) ∞ 1693 Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg -Bayreuth (1671-1727)
Kaiser Joseph I (1678-1711) ∞ 1699 Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick- Calenberg (1673-1742)
Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine (1679-1729) ∞ 1698 Élisabeth Charlotte de Bourbon- Orléans (1676-1744)
Emperor Charles VI. (1685-1740) ∞ 1708 Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1691-1750)
King Philip V (1683-1746) ∞ 1714 Elisabetta Farnese (1692-1766)
King August III. (1696-1763) ∞ 1719 Maria Josepha of Austria (1699-1757)
Emperor Francis I (1708-1765) ∞ 1736 Maria Theresia (1717-1780)
King Charles III. (1716-1788) ∞ 1738 Maria Amalia of Saxony (1724-1760)
Emperor Leopold II (1747-1792) ∞ 1765 Maria Ludovica of Spain (1745-1792)
Ferdinand III.