Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti
Francesco ( Franz Wilhelm ) Rabaliatti (* probably on January 20, 1716 in Gameragna di Stella at Savona, Italy; † in March 1782 in Mannheim) was an Italian- German architect and master builder of the Elector Karl Theodor. Rabaliatti alongside Alessandro Galli da Bibbiena, Johann Adam Breunig, Nicolas de Pigage and Johann Jakob -driven of the leading Baroque architects of the Palatinate.
- 2.1 Buildings in Schwetzingen
- 2.2 Building in Schwetzingen
- 2.3 Buildings in Mannheim
- 2.4 Structures in Heidelberg
- 2.5 Other buildings in the Palatinate and beyond
Life
Francesco Rabaliatti was born in the Ligurian Gameragna di Stella at Savona. He probably left early or mid- 1740s his home and came over France, where he learned the local architecture, finally, in the Palatinate and lived from 1746 first in Mannheim.
Career
In 1746 he was first mentioned as a stonemason polishing by Alessandro Galli da Bibbiena in the construction of the Mannheim Jesuit Church. Since Bibienas is considered Rabaliattis teacher at his training as a builder.
Rabaliatti was appointed in 1747 by Elector Karl Theodor to the court architect. The elector intended to expand his summer residence in Schwetzingen and also had plans for an entirely new palace complex, but were ultimately rejected because the Mannheim Palace was not yet completed. The new court architect was therefore initially responsible for the construction of several new objects in Schwetzingen palace and dealt also with the overall urban planning of Schwetzingen, where he built many mansions and dwelt in his 1755 self-created Palais.
Many of his building projects realized Rabaliatti together with the architect Nicolas de Lorraine Pigage, who was appointed in 1752 by Carl Theodor Oberbaudirektor. Pigage had studied architecture in Paris and Rabaliatti was superior with its new technical knowledge. The different views of the " artist " Rabaliatti and " craftsman " Pigage led to conflicts and a growing competitive relationship.
About his family life is otherwise nothing is known, one Bartholomew Rabaliatti was mentioned in connection with the construction of the moated castle Herringhausen in Lippstadt, who was employed from about 1718 until the termination of his contract in 1722 there masons. Because of the life data this was possibly the father or an uncle of Frederick William Rabaliatti.
Rabaliatti was buried on March 24, 1782 in Mannheim.
Created Structures
Buildings in Schwetzingen
The original plans of Bibienas Rabaliatti completed under the direction of Guillaume d' Hauberat from 1748 until the spring of 1750 the first Northern Circle Houses of Schwetzingen Castle, which were used as an orangery.
In contrast to the northern building, whose premises were predominantly of overwintering container plants and thus were simply furnished, richly decorated were playing and dance halls decorated in 1753-1755 built southern Zirkelbau two. The building was intended as a hunting lodge in total and was decorated with beautiful stucco with hunting scenes by Giuseppe Antonio Albuccio.
Rabaliatti also designed the very ornate wrought iron and partly gilded gate of the Arboretum.
Building in Schwetzingen
The builder dealt not only with the expansion of the residence, but intervened in the overall urban planning of Schwetzingen. So he built several townhouses, such as the Palais Hirsch today called mansion, which was built in 1748 by Elector Karl Theodor as a residence for the Jesuit Father Franz Joseph Seedorf. Seedorf was confessor and adviser to the electors of the most powerful man at court. In the years 1818-1963 the building was used as a hotel for Golden Stag, which explains the current naming.
1754-1756 created Rabaliatti the church tower of St. Pancras after the old bell tower because of design flaws had to be demolished.
In addition, he built in 1755 the current 'Palais Rabaliatti his own residence on the northwest corner of the castle square. The private stables, in the original twelve horses were housed, has survived to this day. Trained in French construction chose the Wahlkurpfälzer for the facade of his house high, narrow, stichbogige windows whose Framing he profiled and provided them with a keystone at the center. His personal touch to carry the window sills, the conclude within the window jambs. Particular attention put Rabaliatti in houses on the stairs. They are each built of red sandstone, selected setting and tread in such a balance that you will be formally carried upwards. In the complex of the stairs was Rabaliattis model Balthasar Neumann, whom he met several times. After the death of the builder of the palace was acquired in 1782 by Count von Bretz home. In 1802 it was purchased by the electoral court officials Zeller and as the right bank of the Palatinate had passed through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss at Baden in the following year, the palace was Rabaliatti seat of the Baden district office Schwetzingen. Since 1931, it is privately owned.
1759, he was involved in the renovation of the stately poultry house.
Since Rabaliattis elaborate lifestyle of the old stables soon no longer enough, he earned 1759 for 30,000 guilders the located at the Carl -Theodor -Straße stables and built it around behind the backs of chief architect Nicolas de Pigage. He added, among others, corner pavilions for the accommodation of soldiers. The strained relationship between the two architects got through this " intrigue " as Pigage called it new food.
Buildings in Mannheim
1751-1760 had Rabaliatti and Pigage a significant share in the planning and implementation of the last phase of construction of the Mannheim Palace. In 1754 he built the Sodalitätskirche.
Completion especially the interiors of from there Bibienas planned and in 1733 started Mannheim Jesuit church went on for decades until Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti with the participation of Nicolas de Pigage and Peter Anton von Verschaffelt the work of the 1748 deceased as Bibienas 1760 completed.
Along with Johann laugh he built from 1772 to 1774, the Mannheim Observatory, (now the Old Observatory ). A purpose-built in classical style five-story octagonal tower, which was the Jesuit, mathematician and court astronomer Christian Mayer available. Today it houses an artist studio.
In today's Plot B 5, 19 was built in 1753 by Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti a baroque wash house for the body and table linen of the electoral court.
Buildings in Heidelberg
The construction of the Jesuit church was begun in 1711 by Johann Adam Breuning, who built the choir of the Baroque hall church to the chancel. 1723 ended the first phase of construction and until 1749, were resumed by the generosity of the Elector Karl Theodor civil works. The construction management of the 1727 deceased Breuning now took Rabaliatti, of the nave in 1750, which revealed high altar wall in an unusual way integrated the architecture. In 1751 he designed then the exterior façade with the curvature. The remaining work then went on until late fall 1759. The steeple was added until 1868-1872.
In addition he built with the seminary Carolinum, named after the Italian Cardinal Charles Borromeo, the last representative building, which was built by the Jesuits in Heidelberg. The created between 1750 to 1765 building served until the abolition of the Congregation in 1773 the formation of the young Jesuit. 1826 to 1878 it was used as a madhouse, then the Carolinum was handed over to the Imperial military treasury. In later years, was located in the west wing until 1936 the District Court. Today it houses the administration of the University of Heidelberg.
In connection with the above-mentioned construction projects Rabaliatti created in the years 1763-1765 from a connected directly to the seminar building two-storey former building a farm building for the Carolinum. 1826 outbuilding was used by the madhouse administration and served in addition to the administrator as an apartment. After handing over the Carolinum to the Imperial military Treasury baroque outbuildings in 1879 was canceled. Since March 1880 the present building was built in the same place. Around the turn of the century the new house served as an officer eating house. 1936, the District Court by then located in Carolinum was moved into the building. After extraction of the District Court and handover of the building to the University, began in 1968, the plans for a reconstruction, which took place 1970-74. Today, the Institute for Eastern European History and Art History at the University of Heidelberg are housed in this house.