Gerard ter Borch

Gerard ter Borch ( the younger), Gerard Terborch (* 1617 in Zwolle, † December 8, 1681 in Deventer ), was a Dutch painter and draftsman.

Life

Gerard ter Borch is one of the main champions of the Dutch genre painting. His first training as a draftsman he received from his father Gerard ter Borch the Elder .. first works that kept the father carefully, date from 1625 and are still preserved today. These show scenes and especially landscapes from around Zwolle.

Around 1632, he is the first to demonstrate in Amsterdam. 1633 he moved to Haarlem where his father, gave him because of his interest in nature, whilst landscape painter Pieter de Molyn into teaching. Two years later he received the master law and was allowed to sign his pictures. . Example, the earliest known work comes from him and from the year 1635 In the summer of the same year he went to London, where his uncle Robert van Voerst (* 1597, † 1635 or 1636) was successful as an engraver. There he came in contact with Anthony van Dyck. Around 1636 he returned for a short time to Zwolle, from where he went on study trips to Italy and Spain. In Madrid he painted a portrait of the Spanish king Philip IV, however, is not preserved. Between 1640 and 1645 he was back in Holland, where he has worked mainly in Holland and Amsterdam. There awoke in him an interest in the genre painting.

Between 1644 and 1645 he worked as a portraitist in busy Amsterdam and gained thereby a lot of popularity. We succeeded to gain Ter Borch in the prestigious Amsterdam Regent circles feeder. In addition to portraits of families Six, De Graeff, Pancras, De Vicq he had made also portraits of distinguished scholars such as Caspar van Baerle. This awareness he owed it to him in 1646, the Dutch envoy Adriaan Pauw asked her to accompany him to the peace negotiations between the Netherlands and Spain to Munster. There he was allowed many of the diplomats present portrait, which he caught the attention of the Spanish ambassador, Count of Peñeranda. This took Gerard ter Borch in his services, so this eye-witness of the agreement signed on May 15, 1648 separate peace between the Netherlands and Spain. The event he held in his famous painting firm The Peace of Münster, which is now shown in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. In the same year he returned to Holland, where he worked in various cities in the coming years. Alternately, he lived in Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem, Kampen and Zwolle. His main field of activity was now the genre painting, where he matured in a short time to a championship so that he this genus is considered to be one of the most important representatives today. After his marriage on February 14, 1654, Gerard ter Borch was finally settled in Deventer.

From 1660, he turned back propagated portraiture, so that emerged only a few genre pictures.

Style development

Despite his extensive experience wall Gerard ter Borch the Dutch school remained faithful all his life. Already in his early works, which are significantly influenced by the Amsterdam Genre painters Pieter Codde and Willem Duyster, his interest for the reproduction of human figures, which are mainly illuminated from one side and are located in areas with sparse furnishings shows. In this genre of painting, his works were subject to the largest developments. Malte he initially mainly scenes from the folk and military life, he specialized in interior scenes from 1648 with a few figures, the gallant couples and ladies usually reading, writing, making music, or toilet show.

In the nature of the arrangement and presentation of the figures Gerard ter Borch was treading new paths and thus became the pioneer for younger masters who looked to him. Examples of these are mentioned only Gabriel Metsu, Pieter de Hooch and Jan Vermeer.

His portrait style developed Garard ter Borch under the influence of the Haarlem painter Hendrick Pot. Already in the 1640s he was fully mature and hardly subject to changes. His models are usually dressed in black and mapped before neutral gray backgrounds.

Selected Works

  • Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum Portrait of Gerard van der Abrahamsz Schalcke, 1644
  • Portrait of Johanna Bardoel, 1644
  • Portrait of Helena van der Schalcke as a child, 1644
  • The Peace of Münster, 1648
  • Woman in front of a mirror, 1650
  • Sitting girl in peasant costume, circa 1650
  • Paternal Admonition, 1655
  • Portrait of Moses ter Borch, 1667 (together with Gesina ter Borch )
  • Portrait of François de Vicq, 1670
  • Portrait of Aletta Pancras, 1670
  • Portrait of a man.
  • Portrait of a woman.
  • Portrait of Godard van Reede.
  • Portrait of a man in armor.
  • Portrait of Jacob de Graeff.
  • The mandolin player, 1657
  • Portrait of a Fat Man, 1670
  • Berlin, Gemäldegalerie The Consultation, 1635
  • Card playing soldiers outdoors to 1640-1645
  • The grinder of the family, about 1653
  • The paternal admonition to 1654/1655
  • Portrait of a old man standing, 1660
  • Young couple having wine to 1662/1663
  • The smokers to 1663-1665
  • Portrait of Willem Marienburg to 1664-1667
  • Portrait of Gertruida Assink to 1664-1667
  • The concert, 1675
  • Self-portrait, 1675
  • Portrait of a man, (probably destroyed in 1945 )
  • Portrait of a young man (probably destroyed in 1945 )
  • Rider, as viewed from the rear.
  • Portrait of a Woman, 1660
  • The backgammon player, circa 1640
  • Portrait of a Man, 1648
  • The concert, 1675
  • The Läusesucherin to 1652/1653
  • The letter writer, 1655
  • Self-portrait.
  • Portrait of Cornelis de Graeff, (around 1674)
  • Woman at Her Toilette, 1660
  • Man reading letter, 1680
  • Group portrait of the Municipal Council of Deventer, 1667
  • Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister A lady washing her hands, about 1655
  • The letter read officer to 1657/1658
  • Portrait of a Man 1670
  • Woman with wine glass to 1656/1657
  • The message.
  • Group portrait of Sir Anthony de Liedekercke, his wife Willemina van Braeckel and his son Samuel to 1650-1655
  • Portrait of Nicolas Pancras, 1670
  • Seated Woman with wine glass, 1665
  • Portrait of Gesina ter Borch as shepherdess.
  • Portrait of a man.
  • The lute player to 1667/1668
  • Young woman officer and with virtuosity to 1670-1675
  • Portrait of a man to 1675-1681
  • The guardroom to 1650-1660
  • Portrait of a young man in 1670
  • Portrait of a woman.
  • London, National Gallery The Peace of Münster, 1648; Oil on copper, 45.4 x 58.5 cm, donated in 1871 by Sir Richard Wallace
  • An Officer dictating a letter to 1655-1658
  • Portrait of a young man to 1663/1664
  • Portrait of Hermanna van der Cruis to 1665-1669
  • Guitar -playing woman with two men to 1667/1668
  • The letter reader. to 1660-1662
  • Cavaliers, 1638
  • Woman arranging her hair to 1655-1660
  • The letter reader to 1660-1667
  • A maid milking a cow to 1652-1654
  • The stables, 1652-1654
  • The Music Lesson, 1668
  • The letter reader.
  • Portrait of a Man, 1652
  • Portrait of a Woman, 1652
  • Portrait of a man reading, 1675
  • Portrait of Gerbrand Pancras, 1670
  • Portrait of a Woman with a Fan.
  • In a tavern.
  • The gallant officer, 1650
  • Portrait of a standing woman with a fan to 1660-1670
  • The music hour.
  • A boy flee from his dog, 1655
  • The refusal letter, 1655
  • Portrait of a man to 1660-1665
  • Portrait of a woman to 1660-1665
  • Catchment of the Messenger of Adriaan Pauw in Münster.
  • Portrait of a young woman to 1665-1670
  • The curiosity around 1660
  • Portrait of Margaretha van Haexbergen, 1660
  • Paris, Musée National du Louvre A soldier has a wife money to 1662/1663
  • The concert, 1657
  • The reading lesson.
  • Galante entertainment.
  • In a letter waiting messenger to 1657/1658
  • The couple, 1660
  • The spinner to 1652/1653
  • Portrait of the Count of Peñeranda.
  • Flaggellanten procession.
  • Portrait of a man in black to 1639/1640
  • Portrait of a young man.
  • Schwerin, State Museum The visit, in 1658
  • The reader.
  • The glass of lemonade to 1655-1660
  • Portrait of an officer, circa 1680
  • Portrait of Catarina van Leunink.
  • The message.
  • The violin player.
  • Portrait of a Man, 1648
  • An officer dictated a command.
  • The visitors, about 1658
  • The Card Players, 1650
  • The visit, in 1660
Six family Kampen, Overijssel Gabriël Metsu Johannes Vermeer Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo Bode-Museum Mauritshuis Embrach Frans Hals Museum Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Royal Collection Wallace Collection Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum National Gallery of Victoria Pushkin Museum Alte Pinakothek Frick Collection Philadelphia Museum of Art Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco Staatliches Museum Schwerin National Gallery of Art Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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