Gethyllis

Gethyllis ciliaris, Illustration from Robert Jacob Gordon: The Man and his Travels at the Cape - Patrick Cullinan, 1743-1795. In the larger figure with the berry and the smaller figure with the solitary flower.

The genus belongs to the subfamily Gethyllis Amaryllidoideae within the family of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae ). The about 32 to 35 species are native to Southern Africa.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Gethyllis species grow as perennial herbaceous plants reach stature heights of 3 to 30 cm, depending on the type. They have long, fleshy roots. They form onions as outlasting to long dry periods to survive; they do not protrude from the ground. They often form portfolios. Often the bulbs have a distinctive upper end and there are often at the base of leaves or a few, surrounding the leaves, leaf sheaths available. These sheaths are in some species, for example Gethyllis britteniana, beautiful mottled reddish or example, in Gethyllis verticillata frayed. These Geophyten the leaves are dried up during the flowering period in the dry season. Fresh leaves drift after the heyday again and are often simultaneously with the fruits available.

The few to several undergraduate only leaves are sessile. The simple leaf blades are often spirally twisted, linear to strap- shaped or elliptical and parallel-veined. The leaf surfaces are often hairy fluffy with simple, T-shaped or medi fixed trichomes. The leaf margin is smooth.

Inflorescence and flowers

The short inflorescence stem is below the surface. The flowers appear singly in a much reduced inflorescence just above the ground. In knospigen state wraps up a spathe, which is formed from two fused, membranous bracts, the inflorescence. The stiff to lax flower stems are as long as or much longer than the perianth. The flowers are densely arranged contiguously, or are wide spread in the inflorescence. The flower stalks are short during anthesis and extended to fruit maturity.

The heyday of all Gethyllis species is located in the South African summer. The perianth is relatively short (two to three days) durable and the flowers bloom simultaneously in a flock on. The hermaphrodite flowers are mostly completely, or only in the area of the pen not radial symmetry and threefold. In some species, if the bulbs are still small, the flowers pure male, if the bulbs are large but hermaphrodite flowers are formed; So it probably depends of the resources of the onions. The six identically shaped bracts are fused into a long, slender, fleshy, cylindrical tube. The free areas of the bracts are shorter than the corolla tube, narrowly to broadly lanceolate and spread. The colors of the bracts range from pink to cream to white, often with dark pink stripes. There are either six (for example Gethyllis verticillata ) or as an exception within the family of Amaryllidaceae 12, 18 up to 60 stamens present; they do not project beyond the perianth mostly. The flower tube inserted in the relatively short stamens are fused with each other freely or on a portion of its length. The basifixen, bright yellow anthers are linear and roll back during their development. Three carpels are fused to a dreikammerigen, inferior ovary, which is enveloped by the spathe and the " onion neck " and is plugged underground. Each ovary chamber contains many ovules. The thin, short to long depending on the type style is upright or bent to the side and ends with a small capitate to broadly three-lobed stigma. The often strongly and sweetly scented flowers contain no nectar. There are currently no observations on pollinators.

Fruit and seeds

The relatively large ( long fingers ), club-shaped or cylindrical, relatively thin-walled berries are colored when ripe yellowish to white, often with red polka dots and open to irregular parts; they contain many seeds. The berries are edible and aromatic. They contain either many small or few large seeds. The nearly spherical seeds are hard and more or less fleshy and cream to reddish. The embryo is green. The fruits ripen slowly and then lifted around September through the elongated fruit stalk above the ground.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 6

Occurrence

The 32 to 35 species are native to Southern Africa. Gethyllis species occur mainly (30 species) in semiarid areas in front with winter rain. Most species are Vegetationselememente in the Succulent Karoo followed by Fynbos. Some species also occur in the Great Karoo. Only Gethyllis transkarooica and Gethyllis longistyla thrive in the summer rainfall region of the Nama - Karoo. Gethyllis types besiedelnd the altitudes of coastal areas ( Cape Fold Belt ) to the high-altitude inland plateau. Most often they are found in open areas, which have no competition from shrubs and grasses. A few species (eg Gethyllis afra and Gethyllis kaapensis ) thrive on seasonal wet locations.

Systematics and endangering the species

The genus name Gethyllis was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 1, p 442. Type species is Gethyllis afra L.. A synonym of L. Gethyllis is Klingia Schönland. The genus name is derived from the Greek Gethyllis word gethyon which means onion and onion or leek thinks this refers to the habit and not its use in the kitchen.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Gethyllis Gethyllidinae ( eponymous genus ) from the tribe Haemantheae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of Amaryllidaceae. Previously, she was also classified in the family Liliaceae.

There are about 32 to 35 species in the Gethyllis:

• Gethyllis afra L.: The home is the Western Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis barkerae D.Müll. - Doblies: With two subspecies in the Western Cape.
• Gethyllis britteniana Baker: " not at risk " Rated three subspecies in the Western and Northern Cape, one of which is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " =.
• Gethyllis campanulata L.Bolus: The home is the North Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis cavidens D.Müll. - Doblies: History: South Africa (Cape)
• Gethyllis ciliaris ( Thunb. ) Thunb. With two subspecies in the Western Cape.
• Gethyllis fimbriatula D.Müll. - Doblies: It is endemic in Matjiesfontein in the Western Cape.
• Gethyllis grandiflora L.Bolus: You only comes from Richtersveld prior to Komaggas in the Northern Cape. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Vulnerable " = 2009 'at risk' rated.
• Gethyllis gregoriana D.Müll. - Doblies: You only comes from Nieuwoudtville prior to Biedouw Valley in the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Rare " = 2009 " but rarely not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis hallii D.Müll. - Doblies: You only comes from Bitterfontein prior to Nuwerus in the Northern Cape. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Rare " = 2009 " but rarely not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis heinzeana D.Müll. - Doblies: History: South Africa (Cape)
• Gethyllis kaapensis D.Müll. - Doblies: This rare endemic species is found only in the Cape Peninsula. There were only three populations known to have gone two of which are lost through colonization. There are fewer than 250 copies in the last population in the Table Mountain National Park. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Endangered " = 2009 " high risk " rating.
• Gethyllis lanuginosa Marloth: The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis lata L.Bolus: With two subspecies in the Northern Cape, one of which was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Rare " = "rare but not endangered" rated 2009.
• Gethyllis latifolia Masson ex Baker: From this very rare endemics are only four specimens at a site in Bitterfontein in Namaqualand Klipkoppe bushland on soils over granite. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Critically Endangered " = 2009 " threatened with extinction " rated.
• Gethyllis linearis L.Bolus: The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis longistyla bolus: It occurs only in Sneeuberg, Agter - Sneeuberg and Nuweveld Mountains in Eastern and Western Cape. There she thrives in the fynbos in the summit area of dolerite chains. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Rare " = 2009 " but rarely not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis marginata D.Müll. - Doblies: History: South Africa (Cape)
• Gethyllis namaquensis ( Schönland ) Oberm. From their about 100 locations only in the northern Namaqualand and southern Namibia are known. It is estimated that there are a total of about 10,000 copies in natural locations. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Vulnerable " = 2009 'at risk' rated.
• Gethyllis oligophylla D.Müll. - Doblies: History: South Africa (Cape)
• Gethyllis oliverorum D.Müll. - Doblies: History: South Africa (Cape)
• Gethyllis pectinata D.Müll. - Doblies: From Nieuwoudtville to Calvinia in the Northern Cape it thrives in the Succulent Karoo. It was in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Vulnerable " = 2009 'at risk' rated.
• Gethyllis roggeveldensis D.Müll. - Doblies: The home is the North Cape in South Africa.
• Gethyllis setosa Marloth: The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis spiralis ( Thunb. ) Thunb. , The home is the Eastern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis transkarooica D.Müll. - Doblies: In Southern Africa it is widespread. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis uteana D.Müll. - Doblies: The home is the Western Cape.
• Gethyllis verrucosa Marloth: The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis verticillata R.Br.: The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
• Gethyllis villosa ( Thunb. ) Thunb. , The home is the Western Cape and Northern Cape. It is in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.

Use

Gethyllis types are used due to the short duration of flowering rarely as ornamental plants. The aromatic fruits are edible. Fruits and flowers are used in traditional folk medicine. Today is produced from the fruits of Gethyllis afra " Kukumakranka Brandy", which is used as a remedy for colic and indigestion.

Swell

• John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Deirdre A. Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs, 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0: Gethyllis on p 180-185 (Section Description, occurrence and use)
• Emily Smith 27 April 2009: Gethyllis - Data sheet at Gateway to African Plants. ( Description section )
• Dee Snijman, September 2004: Gethyllis L. PlantZAfrica at the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI. (Section Description, occurrence and use)
• AW Meerow, & JR Clayton: Generic relationships among the baccate - fruited Amaryllidaceae ( tribe Haemantheae ) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences, In: Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 244, 2004, pp. 141-155. Full-text PDF. ( Section systematics)
• Mark Elvin: Gethyllis - data sheet.