Gobioidei

Couple of Yellow Symbiosegrundel ( Cryptocentrus cinctus ), aquariums recording.

The Grundelartigen ( Gobiiformes ) are an order of the group of relatives perch ( Percomorpha ). There are mostly small ground-dwelling or living close to the ground, living in the sea fish. The Grundelartigen include about 2500 species worldwide.

Features

Grundelartige are mostly small fish, some, such as the Zwerggrundel ( Pandaka pygmaea ) and Schindleria brevipinguis reach just a length of one centimeter, making them among the smallest fish and vertebrate in general. The largest Grundelartige is the Marmorgrundel ( Oxyeleotris marmorata ), which can reach a length of 65 cm. With Eviota sigillata also includes the short-lived with an average maximum age of 59 days known vertebrate to the Grundelartigen.

For the Gobiiformes ( synapomorphies ) are characteristic diagnostic features including the following:

The pelvic fins of Grundelartigen sit forward ( breast constantly ) below the pectoral fins and are often connected to a bag-like holdfast. They are usually supported by a fin spines and four to five soft rays. Almost all species possess two distinctly separate dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin has, if present, one to eight flexible spines. Parietal and basisphenoid, two skull bones are missing. Infra orbitals are missing or are not ossified, with the exception of the lacrimal (tear leg). The lateral line organ is reduced in all "higher" Grundelartigen. The basal Schmerlengrundeln ( Rhyacichthyidae ) have, however, on the head and trunk a well-developed lateral line system. Most types of Gobioidei have no swim bladder. The gill membranes are usually grown together at the isthmus ( the throat ). Pylorusschläuche missing. The number of vertebrae is usually at 25 to 35 ( with some exceptions Wurmgrundeln and Schindleria ).

Other autapomorphies are:

Kurter ( Kurtoidei )

Cardinal fish ( Apogonidae )

Schmerlengrundeln ( Rhyacichthyidae )

Tooth Schläfergrundeln ( Odontobutidae )

Milyeringidae

Schläfergrundeln ( Eleotridae )

Butidae

Gobionellidae

Gobies ( Gobiidae )

Thalasseleotrididae

System

The closest relatives of Grundelartigen are the Kurter ( Kurtidae ) and cardinal fish ( Apogonidae ). The relationship of these families with the Grundelartigen based mainly on molecular biological studies.

• Order Gobiiformes Family Schmerlengrundeln ( Rhyacichthyidae )
• Family dental Schläfergrundeln ( Odontobutidae )
• Family Milyeringidae
• Family Butidae (formerly subfamily of Eleotridae )
• Schläfergrundeln family ( Eleotridae ), incl Xenisthmidae.
• Family Gobionellidae ( Zwerggrundeln ( Gobionellinae ), Mudskipper Related ( Oxudercinae ) Aalgrundeln ( Amblyopinae ) and Lippenzahngrundeln ( Sicydiinae ) )
• Family gobies ( Gobiidae ), inclusive Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae and Schindleriidae.
• Family Thalasseleotrididae