Hu Yaobang
Start of career
Rise
Between 1977 and 1981, Hu Yaobang rose within the party over several stops to the leader of the CCP. The rapid rise coincided with the fall of Hua Guofengs. This is understood Hu to establish an intellectual network, which included, among other things Ruoshui Wang, You Zhang and Su Shaozhi. At the fifth plenary session of the XI. Central Committee in February 1980 could bring about the downfall of the so-called Gang of Four, the reform faction with Deng Xiaoping. The member Wang Dongxing was succeeded by Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang, who now both were appointed instead Wangs in the Standing Committee of the Politburo.
End of 1980, increased the pressure on Hua Guofeng such that it was forced to announce a self-criticism before the party grandees. The Politburo came to the conclusion that Hua Guofeng never chairman of the party should have been: he had indeed done some good things for the party, but the lack of leadership qualities outweigh. Hua thereafter remained nominally chairman, but already at this time Hu Yaobang resigned as party chairman -designate in its place and Deng Xiaoping was designated chairman of the Central Military Commission.
In 1980, the office of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (after 1921-43 ) re-created and staffed by Hu Yaobang. On the sixth plenary session of the XI. Central Committee on June 29, 1981 Hu was also appointed chairman of the CCP. This office was abolished in 1982, and de facto transferred to the Office of the Secretary.
Act as Secretary of the CCP
Hu appeared as advocates of a liberal policy towards intellectuals and a pragmatic reformist policy for political reforms within the existing system a. He eased with the help of his intellectual network, the scope of various campaigns such as the campaign against Bai Hua in 1981, was the " campaign against spiritual pollution" from 1983 and " bourgeois liberalization campaign against " from 1985. Through this application Hu exposed to the constant criticism by political hardliners within the party.
In 1980 he sat Yin Fatang as a first secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Region, which replaced Ren Rong. This was in contrast to his predecessor versed in the language of the area and knew the Tibetan situation very well. A year later, Hu Yaobang met with Jiale Dunzhu, the elder brother of the 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatsho.
Deposition
For Hu Yaobang helped overthrow of different factors: To attacked hardliners such as Bo Yibo, Deng Liqun, Wang Zhen and Hu Qiaomu. Liberal and reform-oriented wing and thus Hu Yaobang at by reference to the economic and social fallout of the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping
The rivalry between Hu and Zhao Ziyang finally had a negative impact for the former from: So there was between Zhao and Hu 1982 large differences over the contract system of economic management. The conflict is reflected in a letter Zhao Ziyang 1984 resist, wherein said complained that he could not act by meddling in its affairs Hus.
The student demonstrations of December 1986 provided a pretext to overthrow Hu can. To make matters impacted according to unofficial data, a misjudgment of Hus that Deng Xiaoping would resign after a personal interview with him, so that Hu could get full control.
At an enlarged meeting of the Central Advisory Committee on 16 January 1987, the decision was made to Hu to relieve his post as Secretary General. According to unofficial sources Zhao was one of the proponents of this step. Hu responded with public self-criticism and prevented his expulsion from the party. He could remain in the Politburo until his death in April 1989. His death triggered the momentous student demonstrations of 1989, which were eventually forcibly terminated during the Tiananmen massacre.
Family
Hu Yaobang has an older brother named Hu Yaofu, both are sons of a medium- pawn, which could even read and write. 1941 married Hu Yaobang six years younger Li Zhao. The couple had four children: the eldest son, Hu Deping, is a politician. The two younger sons, Liu Hu and Hu Dehua, are also active in high academic and non-partisan offices. Hu's daughter Li Heng, which carries the mother's name as a sign of equality, works as an editor.
- Report on the XII. Congress of the Communist Party of China. In: The XII. Congress of the Communist Party of China. Documents. Publisher Foreign Languages Press, Beijing 1982