I. L. Peretz

Jizchok Leib Peretz ( born May 18, 1852 in Zamość, then Russian Poland, † April 3, 1915 in Warsaw ) was a jiddischsprachiger writers from Poland, but also wrote in Polish and Hebrew.

In his early Poland, his name was rendered as Icchok Lejbusz Perec, moreover, there is due transcriptions, transliterations or adjustments to the usual in other diasporas name many other forms of the name: Isaac Leib Peretz, Isaac Leib Peretz, Jizchok Leib Perez, Itzhok Leib Perez, Isaac body Peretz, etc. As a columnist, he used pseudonyms: Lucifer, Lez, Ben Tamar.

In addition to Mendele and Sholem Aleichem Moicher Sforim Perez is one of the founders of modern Yiddish literature and Jewish Fiction at all. He is considered " one of the greatest poets of world literature psychologizing and at the same time as the outstanding Yiddish playwright ".

Perez wrote his literary works in Polish, Hebrew and Yiddish. His early work is still quite arrested in Jewish emancipation and enlightenment. After the failed revolution of 1905 he thematized in realistic novels the problems of Hasidic life of the Jews in Eastern Europe. In his late work this resignation came more and more into the background in favor of his symbolic dramas in which the mysticism occupied a very large value.

Life

Perez, the son of wealthy and benevolent parents of Sephardic origin, received the usual education ( Bible, Talmud and its comments), but a wealth of knowledge gained self-taught in religious and secular matters also received private lessons in Hebrew grammar, German and Russian. At twenty, he married the daughter of the Hebrew writer Gabriel Judah Lichtenfeld, with whom he jointly brought out a ribbon poems. Perez studied law at the University of Warsaw. Upon successful completion of 1877 he settled with 26 years in his hometown practiced as a lawyer. During his studies, Perez was politically active. As a lawyer, he entered again and again as a political orator and engaged in workers' education.

After several warnings by the Bar Association Perez in 1889 the admission withdrawn as counsel for sedition. He moved to Warsaw, where he was hired by the Jewish community as a secretary. His livelihood earned Perez as an employee in a statistical office and later. Overseers of the Jewish cemeteries of Warsaw

Besides the numerous political and politically oriented newspapers and magazines also developed literary magazines in Poland. The beginning had Perez made ​​already in 1891 with the founding of the Yiddish library, but it took several more years before established this journal. In 1894 he attempted to publish a second time and a third time in 1896 this Jewish weekly to spread the ideas of the Enlightenment and socialism. This literary magazine focused on the Yiddish and Hebrew culture and language. The writer and editor tried this way of Yiddish literature to provide a forum for. The published copies are testimony to the revolutionary spirit of those years, and the search for new means of expression. In 1899 he was arrested and had a few months in jail. His reputation was not harmed.

Perez fought henceforth against the Hibbat Zion movement, against Hebraists and against orthodoxy alike, but saw the Jewish future in the Diaspora and the Yiddish language, coupled with a mild socialism. Since his speech at the conference in Czernowitz jiddischistischen 1908 he became one of the spokesmen of the champion of the Yiddish. In 1910 he was given the leadership of the Jewish Literary Society in Warsaw.

Perez was without question the focus of Jewish Literature in Poland. Students and academics turned to him, asking him to review their writings or for advice in social issues. Thus, Warsaw became the center of Jewish poetry and Jewish theater. After his death, Expressionism then held in Yiddish literature collection. David Hirsch Nomberg was after Perez's death a literary protagonist in Warsaw.

At the age of 64 years Itzhok Leib Perez died on 3 April 1915 in Warsaw. His funeral grew into a spontaneous political rally, attended by more than 100,000 people participated. There was a protest in which it was made ​​on the suppression of the Jewish population in Poland attentive.

After the death of Isaac Leib Peretz, whose apartment had been a meeting place for writers of Jewish Writers and Journalists Association was founded in 1916. This association was known under the name Tlomatske 13

Works (selection)

  • Sippurim Beshir, 1877 ( Poems, together with FY light field )
  • Though he sinned, he is a Jew, 1887
  • The Dybbuk and the Crazy, 1887
  • The justification of the defendant, 1887
  • Monic, 1888
  • The Golem, 1890
  • Images a fun Provints Rajse, 1891
  • Di Yiddish library ( as editor ), 1891 ff
  • Ha - ugaw, 1894
  • Lel sewa'a, 1894
  • Yom Tov Bletlech ( as editor ), 1894-1896 (17 deliveries )
  • Known Images, 1895 ( short stories )
  • The meschugene BATLON ( Habatlan hameschugga ), 1895 ( short stories )
  • Churban Beit tzaddik, 1903
  • Folkstimliche stories, 1903-1904
  • Bajnacht ojfn altn mark, 1907 ( " The night in the old market ": a play in four acts by the Jew Hugo Zuckermann Eingel of Martin Buber Löwit, Vienna 1920.. .. . )
  • The Golden Chain, 1908
  • Hasidic, 1908
  • Yiddish, 1910 ( scrapbook )
  • Nuch of K'vire, 1914
  • He and She, 1914
  • A Early Morning, 1914
  • Schampanyer, 1914
  • S'brennt, 1914
  • Wegn Children, 1914
  • Chassidic stories from the Jew. by Alexander Eliasberg, Vienna: Löwit, 1917
  • In Stagecoach, 1919
  • Wrath of a woman, 1919
  • My memories, 1928 ( autobiography)

Without year or not detected:

  • A kaas vun a Jidene
  • The Straimel
  • The Hamoju (Journal)
  • The Meschullach
  • Tue three Neitorins ( " The three seamstresses "; poem )
  • The frume Katz
  • The Help (Journal)
  • The Kabbalists
  • The small town
  • A night of terror (Hebrew )
  • Ha'ischa marat Channa
  • Hakaddisch (his first Hasidic seal)
  • Hina haktana ("Here is the little one"; German under the title: Krähwinkel )
  • Idea and harp (Hebrew )
  • In Fligel far Meschuggoim
  • In Polisch ojf the kejt ( Drama )
  • Meisselach
  • Mendel Braine
  • Moshiach times
  • Mussar
  • R. Hanina ben Dosa
  • Rabbi Yosl
  • Shalom Bayit
  • Wu Fidale plugged in ( Hasidic drama, reworking the story A Klesmers toit )
  • Time sounds

Werkausgaben (selection):

  • Collected works of Hebrew ( Tuschiah edition, 10 volumes), 1899-1901
  • Complete edition (Hebrew and Yiddish ), 1901
  • Progres - ojsgabe, 1908 ( 10 volumes, Yiddish )
  • Jewish Stories, 1916 ( German )
  • Chassidic stories, 1917 ( German )
  • From this and the other world, 1919 ( German )
  • Three dramas, 1920 ( German )
  • New York 1920 ( 13 volumes, Yiddish )
  • The time, 1923 ( German )
  • Vilnius 1925-1929 ( 20 volumes, Yiddish, publishing Kletzkin )
  • Morgn - frajhajt - ojsgabe, New York ( 15 volumes, Yiddish, unfinished)
  • Geklibene derzejlungen, Winnipeg 1942
  • Buenos Aires in 1944 ( 18 volumes, Yiddish )
  • New York, 1946 ( 11 volumes, Yiddish )
  • Ojsgewejlte schriftn, Bucharest 1959
  • In keler - schtub. Derzejlungen, Moscow 1959
  • Tales from the ghetto, 1961 ( German )
  • The Golem, 1967 ( German )
  • Baal Shem as a matchmaker and Other Stories, 1969 ( German )
  • Geklibene derzejlungen, Mexico City or the J

Commemoration

After Jizchok Leib Peretz were several streets and squares named ( ulica or plac Icchaka Lejba Pereca ), so in Zamość, Warsaw, Wroclaw and Kutno and a resolution as a result of the " March riots " Jewish school in Lodz ( 1945-1968 ) in Poland.

Footnotes

Literature (selection )

  • Borochov: Pereziana. New York 1915
  • Scrapbook Perez. Petersburg 1916
  • Perez- Sammelheft the " Culture League " Warsaw, 1924
  • Perez- number of the Literary leaves. 1925 ( N. Meisel )
  • Salman Trips: Encyclopedia ... (II, 1927)
  • Samuel Niger: Y. L. Perets. Buenos Aires 1952
  • Isaac Peretz body. In: leksikon fun of Najer Yiddish literature. 7, New York, 1968 ( with bibliography )
Transcription (linguistics) Haskalah Hovevei Zion Wrocław Nahum Sokolow Pale of Settlement David Pinski Zalman Reisen Shmuel Niger Integrated Authority File
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