Imperial Academy of Arts
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The Russian Imperial Academy of Arts, Russian Императорская Академия художеств ( lit. So Imperial Academy of Arts, German and St. Petersburg Art Academy ), opened in 1757 by Count Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three noblest of Arts in Saint Petersburg.
History
Until 1764, the Academy was housed in Shuvalov's house. This year, Catherine the Great named the educational institution into Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned its first rector, Alexander F. Kokorinow to design a new building.
After 25 years, the built in neo-classical building was finished, which is situated opposite the Winter Palace on the other side of the Neva. Both for the precious interior decoration and the design of the shore -facing side of the building, which he had decorated with 3000 years old, brought from Egypt sphinxes and griffins, Konstantin Andreyevich Thon was responsible.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the Academy underwent a series of transformations. In 1933 it was renamed the Russian Academy of Arts, 1947 in Academy of Fine Arts of the USSR. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the official name of Russian Academy of Arts was reintroduced in 1991.
Function
The Academy of Art was in addition to their function as an educational institution, a department of the government with the rank of a ministry, which regulated the artistic life of the country, enacted laws and distinguished artists. The Academy strongly promoted the principles of Neoclassicism and sent the greatest Russian painters abroad in order to learn about the art of antiquity and the Renaissance in Italy and France.
The Academy itself has a large collection of selected works of art for study and copying purposes.
In the mid-19th century, the teaching methods were strongly influenced by the ideas of the French painter Jean -Auguste -Dominique Ingres, which met with the younger generation of Russian artists on rejection that insisted on their right to want to paint realistic images. Here then the movement of Peredvizhniki had its origin. The members publicly broke with the Academy and opened their own exhibitions, which they moved through Russia. Other painters, however, saw the training at the Academy continue as indispensable for the development of artistic skills.
Divisions
The Russian Academy of Arts is divided today into eight departments:
- Department of Painting
- Department of Graphic
- Department of Sculpture
- Department of Decorative / Applied Arts
- Department of Theatre and Cinema Decoration
- Department of Architecture
- Department of Design
- Department of Art History
Personalities of the Academy
Student
- Nikolai Benois Leontyevich
- Marc Chagall
- Stanislaus von Chlebowski
- Orest Adamovich Kiprensky
- Viktor Alexandrovich Hartmann
- Grigory Grigoryevich Mjassojedow
- Alexander Nikanorovich Pomeranzew
- Pavel Petrovich Sokolov
- Kazimierz Stabrowski
- Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy
- James McNeill Whistler